Hibernate之HQL

1、HQL的含义

  hql是Hibernate Query Language（专属于Hibernate框架的一个查询语言）的缩写

2、HQL和SQL的区别

HQL	SQL
类名/属性	表名/列名
区分大小写，关键字不区分大小写	不区分大小写
别名	别名
？，从下标0开始计算位置（hibernate之后5不支持）	？，从下标1开始计算位置
：命名参数	不支持：命名参数
面向对象的查询语言	面向结构查询语言

3、处理返回的结果集

单个对象——select没有逗号

object[]——b.bookld,b.bookName

Map——new Map(b.bookld as bid,b.bookName as bname)

new 构造方法（attr1,attr2) String/long——new Book(b.bookId, b.price) 单个列段

一、HQL的初步使用

hqlTest

 

package com.lxy.three.hql;
 
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
 
import com.lxy.two.entity.Book;
import com.lxy.two.util.SessionFactoryUtil;
 
public class HqlTest {
	private Session session;
	private Transaction transaction;
	
	@Before
	public void before() {
		session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	}
	
	@After
	public void after() {
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回对象（多个）
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList1() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回单个列段，用字符串就可以接受
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList2() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<String> list = query.list();
		for (String b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，默认返回的是Object【】
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList3() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookId,b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 注意map是函数，所以不区分大小写，返回的是map集合
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList4() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new mAp(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Map> list = query.list();
		for (Map b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，也可返回对象，前提是有对应的构造函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList5() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new Book(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL语句支持占位符
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList6() {
//		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId");
//		query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
//		Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
//		System.out.println(b);
		
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)");
		query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4});
//		List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>();
//		params.add(1);
//		params.add(2);
//		params.add(4);
//		query.setParameterList("bookIds", params);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL支持连接查询
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList7() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select o.orderNo,oi.quantity from Order o,OrderItem oi where o = oi.order");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL支持聚合函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList8() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Book");
		Long singleResult = (Long) query.getSingleResult();
		System.out.println(singleResult);
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL分页
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList9() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		query.setFirstResult(2);
		query.setMaxResults(3);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
}

运行结果如下：

testList1()

 

testList2()

 

 textList3()

 textList4() 

 

 textList5() 

 

  textList6()

  textList7()

 textList8() 

 

 textList9() 

 

 

 二、分页

pageBean

package com.lxy.three.hql;
 
import java.util.Map;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 
/**
 * 分页工具类
 *
 */
public class PageBean {
 
	private int page = 1;// 页码
 
	private int rows = 3;// 页大小
 
	private int total = 0;// 总记录数
 
	private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页
	// 获取前台向后台提交的所有参数
	private Map<String, String[]> parameterMap;
	// 获取上一次访问后台的url
	private String url;
 
	/**
	 * 初始化pagebean
	 * 
	 * @param req
	 */
	public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
		this.setPage(req.getParameter("page"));
		this.setRows(req.getParameter("rows"));
		// 只有jsp页面上填写pagination=false才是不分页
		this.setPagination(!"fasle".equals(req.getParameter("pagination")));
		this.setParameterMap(req.getParameterMap());
		this.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString());
	}
 
	public int getMaxPage() {
		return this.total % this.rows == 0 ? this.total / this.rows : this.total / this.rows + 1;
	}
 
	public int nextPage() {
		return this.page < this.getMaxPage() ? this.page + 1 : this.getMaxPage();
	}
 
	public int previousPage() {
		return this.page > 1 ? this.page - 1 : 1;
	}
 
	public PageBean() {
		super();
	}
 
	public int getPage() {
		return page;
	}
 
	public void setPage(int page) {
		this.page = page;
	}
 
	public void setPage(String page) {
		this.page = StringUtils.isBlank(page) ? this.page : Integer.valueOf(page);
	}
 
	public int getRows() {
		return rows;
	}
 
	public void setRows(int rows) {
		this.rows = rows;
	}
 
	public void setRows(String rows) {
		this.rows = StringUtils.isBlank(rows) ? this.rows : Integer.valueOf(rows);
	}
 
	public int getTotal() {
		return total;
	}
 
	public void setTotal(int total) {
		this.total = total;
	}
 
	public void setTotal(String total) {
		this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
	}
 
	public boolean isPagination() {
		return pagination;
	}
 
	public void setPagination(boolean pagination) {
		this.pagination = pagination;
	}
 
	public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
		return parameterMap;
	}
 
	public void setParameterMap(Map<String, String[]> parameterMap) {
		this.parameterMap = parameterMap;
	}
 
	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}
 
	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}
 
	/**
	 * 获得起始记录的下标
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public int getStartIndex() {
		return (this.page - 1) * this.rows;
	}
 
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination
				+ ", parameterMap=" + parameterMap + ", url=" + url + "]";
	}
 
}

StringUtils

package com.lxy.three.hql;
 
public class StringUtils {
	// 私有的构造方法，保护此类不能在外部实例化
	private StringUtils() {
	}
 
	/**
	 * 如果字符串等于null或去空格后等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isBlank(String s) {
		boolean b = false;
		if (null == s || s.trim().equals("")) {
			b = true;
		}
		return b;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 如果字符串不等于null或去空格后不等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isNotBlank(String s) {
		return !isBlank(s);
	}
 
}

BaseDao的开发思路

1、完成了一个基础版本的查询方法

2、分析共同之处

    2.1都有非空判断

    2.2都有Query对象

    2.3具体值从对象/Map

    2.4都需要分页

          query.setFirstResult(2); //起始下标

          query.setMaxResults(2); //偏移量

3、解决方法

      select count(*) from Book

BaseDao

package com.lxy.three.dao;
 
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
 
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
 
import com.lxy.three.hql.PageBean;
 
/**
 * 1、设置参数的问题 2、分页代码重复的问题
 * 
 * sql的通用分页的时候
 * 
 * getCountSql(sql) select count(1) from (sql) t
 * 
 * getCountHql(hql) hql = "from Book where bookName like :bookName" hql =
 * "select * from new Book(bid,bookName) where bookName like :bookName" select
 * count(1) hql
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class BaseDao {
 
	/**
	 * 通用的参数设值方法
	 * 
	 * @param map
	 *            参数键值对集合
	 * @param query
	 *            预定义处理的hql对象
	 */
	public void setParam(Map<String, Object> map, Query query) {
		if (map != null && map.size() > 0) {
			Object value = null;
			Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
			for (Entry<String, Object> entry : entrySet) {
				// 例子的圣墟，但是有的时候它并不是单纯的字符串，可能是数组比如爱好，也可能是集合
				value = entry.getValue();
				if (value instanceof Object[]) {
					query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (Object[]) value);
				} else if (value instanceof Collection) {
					query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (Collection) value);
				} else {
					query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), value);
				}
			}
		}
	}
 
	public String getCountHql(String hql) {
		// hql = "from Book where bookName like :bookName"
		// * hql = "select * from new Book(bid,bookName) where bookName like :bookName"
		int index = hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FROM");
		return "select count(*) " + hql.substring(index);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 通用查询方法
	 * @param session
	 * @param map
	 * @param hql
	 * @param pageBean
	 * @return
	 */
	public List executeQuery(Session session,Map<String, Object> map,String hql,PageBean pageBean) {
		List list = null;
		if(pageBean != null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
			String countHql = getCountHql(hql);
			Query countQuery = session.createQuery(countHql);
			this.setParam(map, countQuery);
			pageBean.setTotal(countQuery.getSingleResult().toString());
			
			Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//			给预定义hql语句执行对象中的参数赋值，有多少赋值多少
			this.setParam(map, query);
			query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
			query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
			list = query.list();
		}else {
			Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//			给预定义hql语句执行对象中的参数赋值，有多少赋值多少
			this.setParam(map, query);
			list = query.list();
		}
		return list;
	}
 
}

 BookDao

package com.lxy.two.dao;
 
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
 
import com.lxy.three.dao.BaseDao;
import com.lxy.three.hql.PageBean;
import com.lxy.three.hql.StringUtils;
import com.lxy.two.entity.Book;
import com.lxy.two.entity.Category;
import com.lxy.two.util.SessionFactoryUtil;
 
 
public class BookDao extends BaseDao{
	public Integer addBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return bid;
	}
	
	public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return cid;
	}
	
	public Category getCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return c;
	}
	
	public Book getBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
		if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return b;
	}
	
	public void delBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		session.delete(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	public void delCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		if(c!=null) {
			for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
//				通过在被控方通过主控方来解除关联关系，最后被控方再做删除
				b.getCategories().remove(c);
			}
		}
		session.delete(c);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	
	/*
	 * hql讲解用到（需要继承BaseDao）
	 */
	/**
	 * 没有使用BaseDao之前的代码
	 * @param book
	 * @param pageBean
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<Book> list(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		String hql = "from Book where 1 = 1";
 
		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
			hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
		}
 
		Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
		
		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
			query.setParameter("bookName", book.getBookName());
		}
 
		if (pageBean != null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
			query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
			query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
		}
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
 
	}
	
	/**
	 * 使用BaseDao之后的代码
	 * @param book
	 * @param pageBean
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<Book> list2(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		String hql = "from Book where 1 = 1";
		Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
 
		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
			hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
			map.put("bookName", book.getBookName());
		}
		List list = super.executeQuery(session, map, hql, pageBean);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 使用原生SQL
	 * @param book
	 * @param pageBean
	 * @return
	 */
	public List list3(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
//		String sql = "select b.*,o.* from t_hibernate_book b,t_hibernate_Order o";
		String sql = "select * from t_hibernate_book";
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		List list = session.createSQLQuery(sql).list();
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	}
}

使用原生SQL

 运行结果：

 

 使用baseDao

 运行结果：

在hibernate中使用原生SQL

 运行结果