（work and tools）ubuntu lint工具的使用

搞C语言开发的想必听过pc lint的大名（没听过的只能说明你的code达不到ANSI C的标准哦~）

但是那个是windows环境下面的工具了，如果我是用ubuntu来做C语言开发的怎么办？不用担心啦，现在有一款类似的工具可以解决你的问题，也就是本文要说的splint，具体安装方法：

sudo apt-get install splint

其他平台以此类推哈，我在这里贴一个gcc能build过的例子：

#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
    char *p = NULL;
    char a[5] = "abc";
    int b = 'a';
}

运行的结果：

cheny.le@cheny-ThinkPad-T420:~$ gcc h.c
cheny.le@cheny-ThinkPad-T420:~$ ./a.out
cheny.le@cheny-ThinkPad-T420:~$

看起来是正常的哈。

我们用splint来扫一下看是什么情况：

cheny.le@cheny-ThinkPad-T420:~$ splint h.c

Splint 3.1.2 --- 03 May 2009

h.c:3:6: Function main declared to return void, should return int
  The function main does not match the expected type. (Use -maintype to inhibit
  warning)
h.c: (in function main)
h.c:7:13: Variable b initialized to type char, expects int: 'a'
  A character constant is used as an int. Use +charintliteral to allow
  character constants to be used as ints.  (This is safe since the actual type
  of a char constant is int.)
h.c:5:11: Variable p declared but not used
  A variable is declared but never used. Use /*@unused@*/ in front of
  declaration to suppress message. (Use -varuse to inhibit warning)
h.c:6:10: Variable a declared but not used
h.c:7:9: Variable b declared but not used

Finished checking --- 5 code warnings

5个warnings哈，说明这么一小段code，写法是十分不符合标准的。

再加大力度扫描一下：

cheny.le@cheny-ThinkPad-T420:~$ splint -strict h.c

Splint 3.1.2 --- 03 May 2009

h.c:3:6: Function main declared to return void, should return int
  The function main does not match the expected type. (Use -maintype to inhibit
  warning)
h.c:3:6: Function main declared without parameter list
  A function declaration does not have a parameter list. (Use -noparams to
  inhibit warning)
h.c: (in function main)
h.c:6:17: String literal with 4 characters is assigned to char [5] (possible
             waste of storage): "abc"
  A string literal is assigned to a char array that smaller than the string
  literal needs. (Use -stringliteralsmaller to inhibit warning)
h.c:7:13: Variable b initialized to type char, expects int: 'a'
  A character constant is used as an int. Use +charintliteral to allow
  character constants to be used as ints.  (This is safe since the actual type
  of a char constant is int.)
h.c:5:11: Variable p declared but not used
  A variable is declared but never used. Use /*@unused@*/ in front of
  declaration to suppress message. (Use -varuse to inhibit warning)
h.c:6:10: Variable a declared but not used
h.c:7:9: Variable b declared but not used

Finished checking --- 7 code warnings

7个warnings哈，warnings数量跟代码的行数差不多了，已经到了令人发指的地步了。

大致解释一下：

（1）main函数返回值不允许为void

（2）main函数的函数列表如果是空的话必须加上void，否则就要使用int main(int argc, char *argv[])的参数列表了

（3）数组空间浪费，只需要使用4个字节的长度就可以（真贴心）

（4）int型的变量给赋了一个char型的值，虽然类型是兼容的，但是不建议这么做

（5）（6）（7）变量p，b，a都定义了，但是没有使用（一般来说正常的code不会有这样子的问题的，不然就是浪费空间了）

要想学习好C语言，就不要放过每个warning，用splint工具扫一下你的程序，保证你能在短时间内学习到很多C语言知识！