shell编程（三）流程控制

流程控制

if语句

1.单分支if条件语句

if [ 条件判断式 ];then
	程序
fi
或
if [ 条件判断式 ]
	then
		程序
fi

#举例
#!/bin/bash

rate=$(df -h | grep "/dev/sda1" | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d "%" -f1)
#把根分区使用率作为变量值赋予变量rate

if [ $rate -ge 80 ]
        then
                echo "Warning! /dev/sda1 is full!!"
        fi

2.双分支if条件语句

if [ 条件判断式 ]
	then
		条件成立，执行程序
	else 
		条件不成立，执行另一个
fi

#案例
#!/bin/bash

ntpdate asia.pool.ntp.org &>/dev/null
#同步系统时间
date=$(date +%y%m%d)

size=$(du -sh /etc)

if [ -d /tmp/dbbak ]
        then
                echo "date : $date!" > /tmp/dbbak/dbinfo.txt
                echo "date size : $size" >> /tmp/dbbak/dbinfo.txt
                cd /tmp/dbbak
                tar -zcf mysql-lib-$date.tar.gz /etc dbinfo.txt&>/dev/null
                rm -rf /tmp/dbbak/dbinfo.txt
        else
                mkdir /tmp/dbbak
                echo "date : $date" > /tmp/dbbak/dbinfo.txt
                echo "date size : $size" >> /tmp/dbbak/dbinfo.txt
                cd /tmp/dbbak
                tar -zcf mysql-lib-$date.tar.gz /etc dbinfo.txt$>/dev/null
                rm -rf /tmp/dbbak/dbinfo.txt
        fi

3.多分支if条件语句

if [ 条件判断式 ]
	then
		条件成立，执行程序
elif [ 条件判断式 ]
	then
		条件不成立，执行另一个
........
else
	条件成立，执行程序
fi

#案例
#!/bin/bash

read -p "Please input: " file

if [ -z "$file" ]
        then
                echo "Error"
                exit 1
elif [ ! -e "$file" ]
        then
                echo "not a file"
                exit 2
elif [ -f "$file" ]
        then
                echo "$file is a regulare file"
elif [ -d "$file" ]
        then
                echo "$file is a directory"
else
        echo "$file is an other file"
fi

case语句

if可以判断多种，case可能判断一种

case $变量名 in
	"值1")
		如果变量值等于值1，则执行程序1
		;;
	"值2")
		如果变量等于值2，则执行程序2
		;;
	*）
		
esac

#案例
#!/bin/bash

read -p "Please choose yes/no" -t 30 cho

case $cho in
        "yes")
                echo "yes"
        ;;
        "no")
                echo "no"
        ;;
        *)
                echo "error"
        ;;
esac

for语句

语法一

for 变量 in 值1 值2 值3 ....
	do
		程序
	done
#案例1
#!/bin/bash

for time in morning noon afternoon evning
        do
                echo "this time is $time"
        done

#案例2
#!/bin/bash

cd /lamp
ls *.tar.gz>ls.log
for i in $(cat ls.log)
        do
                tar -zxf $i &>/dev/null
        done
rm -rf /lamp/ls.log

语法二

for ((初始值;循环控制条件;变量变换))
	do 
		程序
	done
#案例
#!/bin/bash

s=0
for((i=1;i<=100;i=i+1))
        do
                s=$(($s+$i))
        done
echo $s

#案例
#!/bin/bash


read -p "name" -t 30 name
read -p "num" -t 30 num
read -p "pass" -t 30 pass

if [ ! -z "$name" -a ! -z "$num" -a ! -z "$pass" ]
        then
        y=$(echo $num | sed 's//[0-9]//g')
                if [ -z "$y" ]
                then
                for((i=1;i<=$num;i=i+1))
                        do
                                useradd $name$i&>/dev/null
                                echo $pass | /usr/bin/passwd --stdin $name$i&>/dev/null
                        done
                fi
fi

while循环与until循环

while

while [ 条件判断式 ]
	do
		程序
	done
	
#案例
#!/bin/bash

i=1
s=0
while [ $i -le 100 ]
        do
                s=$(($s+$i))
                i=$(($i+1))
        done
echo $s

until

和while相反，条件成立终止

until [ 条件判断式 ]
	do
		程序
	done