MySQL 管理

启动及关闭 MySQL服务器

   首先，我们需要通过以下命令来检查MySQL服务器是否启动：

 

ps -ef | grep mysqld-ef | grep mysqld

   如果MySql已经启动，以上命令就输出mysql进程列表，如果mysql未启动，你可以使用以下命令来启动mysql服务器：

 

 

root@host# cd /usr/bin
./mysqld_safe &# cd /usr/bin
./mysqld_safe &

    如果关闭目前运行的mysql服务器，可以执行以下命令：

 

 

root@host# cd /usr/bin
./mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
Enter password: ******# cd /usr/bin
./mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
Enter password: ******

 

 

 

MySQL 用户设置

   如果需要添加MySQL用户，只需要在mysql数据库中的user表添加新用户即可。

   以下为添加用户的实例，用户名为guest,密码为guest123，并授权用户可进行SELECT,INSERT和UPDATE操作权限：

 

root@host# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:*******
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed

mysql> INSERT INTO user 
          (host, user, password, 
           select_priv, insert_priv, update_priv) 
           VALUES ('localhost', 'guest', 
           PASSWORD('guest123'), 'Y', 'Y', 'Y');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.20 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT host, user, password FROM user WHERE user = 'guest';
+-----------+---------+------------------+
| host      | user    | password         |
+-----------+---------+------------------+
| localhost | guest | 6f8c114b58f2ce9e |
+-----------+---------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

   注意：需要执行FLUSH PRIVILEGES语句。这个命令执行会重新载入授权表。如果不使用该命令，就无法使用新创建的用户来连接mysql服务器，除非你重启mysql服务器。

 

   可以在创建用户时，为用户指定权限，在对应的权限列中，在插入语句中设置为"Y"即可，用户权限如下：

   ·Select_priv

   ·Insert_priv

   ·Update_priv

   ·Delete_priv

   ·Create_priv

   ·Drop_priv

   ·Reload_priv

   ·Shutdown_priv

   ·Process_priv

   ·File_priv

   ·Grant_priv

   ·References_priv

   ·Index_priv

   ·Alter_priv

   另外一种添加用户的方法为通过SQL的GRANT命令，下命令会给指定数据库TUTORIALS添加用户zara，密码为zara123.

 

root@host# mysql -u root -p password;
Enter password:*******
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed

mysql> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP
    -> ON TUTORIALS.*
    -> TO 'zara'@'localhost'
    -> IDENTIFIED BY 'zara123';# mysql -u root -p password;
Enter password:*******
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed

mysql> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP
    -> ON TUTORIALS.*
    -> TO 'zara'@'localhost'
    -> IDENTIFIED BY 'zara123';

 

 

 

/etc/my.cnf文件配置

   一般情况下，不需要修改该配置文件，该文件默认配置如下：

 

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql.server]
user=mysql
basedir=/var/lib

[safe_mysqld]
err-log=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pidmysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql.server]
user=mysql
basedir=/var/lib

[safe_mysqld]
err-log=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

   在配置文件中，可以指定不同的错误日志文件存放的目录，一般不需要改动这些配置。

 

 

管理MySQL的命令

·USE 数据库名

  选择要操作的MySql数据库，使用该命令后所有Mysql命令都只针对该数据库。

 

mysql> use RUNOOB;
Database changed> use RUNOOB;
Database changed

·SHOW DATABASES

 

   列出MySQL数据库管理系统的数据库列表。

 

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| RUNOOB             |
| cdcol              |
| mysql              |
| onethink           |
| performance_schema |
| phpmyadmin         |
| test               |
| wecenter           |
| wordpress          |
+--------------------+
10 rows in set (0.02 sec)> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| RUNOOB             |
| cdcol              |
| mysql              |
| onethink           |
| performance_schema |
| phpmyadmin         |
| test               |
| wecenter           |
| wordpress          |
+--------------------+
10 rows in set (0.02 sec)

·SHOW TABLES

 

   显示指定数据库的所有表，使用该命令前需要使用use命令来选择要操作的数据库。

 

mysql> use RUNOOB;
Database changed
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_runoob |
+------------------+
| employee_tbl     |
| runoob_tbl       |
| tcount_tbl       |
+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)> use RUNOOB;
Database changed
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_runoob |
+------------------+
| employee_tbl     |
| runoob_tbl       |
| tcount_tbl       |
+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

·SHOW COLUMNS FROM 数据表

 

  显示数据表的属性，属性类型，主键信息，是否为NULL,默认值等其他信息。

 

mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM runoob_tbl;
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field           | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| runoob_id       | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| runoob_title    | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| runoob_author   | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| submission_date | date         | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)> SHOW COLUMNS FROM runoob_tbl;
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field           | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| runoob_id       | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| runoob_title    | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| runoob_author   | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| submission_date | date         | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

 

 

 

·SHOW INDEX FROM 数据表

   显示数据表的详细索引信息，包括PRIMARY KEY(主键).

 

mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM runoob_tbl;
+------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table      | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| runoob_tbl |          0 | PRIMARY  |            1 | runoob_id   | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
+------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)> SHOW INDEX FROM runoob_tbl;
+------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table      | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| runoob_tbl |          0 | PRIMARY  |            1 | runoob_id   | A         |           2 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
+------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

·SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE [FROM db_name][LIKE 'pattern']\G:

 

  该命令将输出MySql数据库管理系统的性能及统计信息

 

mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS  FROM RUNOOB;   # 显示数据库 RUNOOB 中所有表的信息

mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS from RUNOOB LIKE 'runoob%';     # 表名以runoob开头的表的信息
mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS from RUNOOB LIKE 'runoob%'\G;   # 加上 \G，查询结果按列打印> SHOW TABLE STATUS  FROM RUNOOB;   # 显示数据库 RUNOOB 中所有表的信息

mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS from RUNOOB LIKE 'runoob%';     # 表名以runoob开头的表的信息
mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS from RUNOOB LIKE 'runoob%'\G;   # 加上 \G，查询结果按列打印

参考：

https://www.yuque.com/docs/share/3d4957a2-7b3c-4a12-ae64-4ad22df5c5f6