启动及关闭 MySQL服务器
首先,我们需要通过以下命令来检查MySQL服务器是否启动:
ps -ef | grep mysqld
-ef | grep mysqld
如果MySql已经启动,以上命令就输出mysql进程列表,如果mysql未启动,你可以使用以下命令来启动mysql服务器:
root@host# cd /usr/bin
./mysqld_safe &
# cd /usr/bin
./mysqld_safe &
如果关闭目前运行的mysql服务器,可以执行以下命令:
root@host# cd /usr/bin
./mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
Enter password: ******
# cd /usr/bin
./mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
Enter password: ******
MySQL 用户设置
如果需要添加MySQL用户,只需要在mysql数据库中的user表添加新用户即可。
以下为添加用户的实例,用户名为guest,密码为guest123,并授权用户可进行SELECT,INSERT和UPDATE操作权限:
root@host# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:*******
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> INSERT INTO user
(host, user, password,
select_priv, insert_priv, update_priv)
VALUES ('localhost', 'guest',
PASSWORD('guest123'), 'Y', 'Y', 'Y');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.20 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT host, user, password FROM user WHERE user = 'guest';
+-----------+---------+------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------+---------+------------------+
| localhost | guest | 6f8c114b58f2ce9e |
+-----------+---------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意:需要执行FLUSH PRIVILEGES语句。这个命令执行会重新载入授权表。如果不使用该命令,就无法使用新创建的用户来连接mysql服务器,除非你重启mysql服务器。
可以在创建用户时,为用户指定权限,在对应的权限列中,在插入语句中设置为"Y"即可,用户权限如下:
·Select_priv
·Insert_priv
·Update_priv
·Delete_priv
·Create_priv
·Drop_priv
·Reload_priv
·Shutdown_priv
·Process_priv
·File_priv
·Grant_priv
·References_priv
·Index_priv
·Alter_priv
另外一种添加用户的方法为通过SQL的GRANT命令,下命令会给指定数据库TUTORIALS添加用户zara,密码为zara123.
root@host# mysql -u root -p password;
Enter password:*******
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP
-> ON TUTORIALS.*
-> TO 'zara'@'localhost'
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'zara123';
# mysql -u root -p password;
Enter password:*******
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP
-> ON TUTORIALS.*
-> TO 'zara'@'localhost'
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'zara123';
/etc/my.cnf文件配置
一般情况下,不需要修改该配置文件,该文件默认配置如下:
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql.server]
user=mysql
basedir=/var/lib
[safe_mysqld]
err-log=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql.server]
user=mysql
basedir=/var/lib
[safe_mysqld]
err-log=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
在配置文件中,可以指定不同的错误日志文件存放的目录,一般不需要改动这些配置。
管理MySQL的命令
·USE 数据库名
选择要操作的MySql数据库,使用该命令后所有Mysql命令都只针对该数据库。
mysql> use RUNOOB;
Database changed
> use RUNOOB;
Database changed
·SHOW DATABASES
列出MySQL数据库管理系统的数据库列表。
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| RUNOOB |
| cdcol |
| mysql |
| onethink |
| performance_schema |
| phpmyadmin |
| test |
| wecenter |
| wordpress |
+--------------------+
10 rows in set (0.02 sec)
> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| RUNOOB |
| cdcol |
| mysql |
| onethink |
| performance_schema |
| phpmyadmin |
| test |
| wecenter |
| wordpress |
+--------------------+
10 rows in set (0.02 sec)
·SHOW TABLES
显示指定数据库的所有表,使用该命令前需要使用use命令来选择要操作的数据库。
mysql> use RUNOOB;
Database changed
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_runoob |
+------------------+
| employee_tbl |
| runoob_tbl |
| tcount_tbl |
+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
> use RUNOOB;
Database changed
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_runoob |
+------------------+
| employee_tbl |
| runoob_tbl |
| tcount_tbl |
+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
·SHOW COLUMNS FROM 数据表
显示数据表的属性,属性类型,主键信息,是否为NULL,默认值等其他信息。
mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM runoob_tbl;
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| runoob_id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| runoob_title | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
| runoob_author | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
| submission_date | date | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
> SHOW COLUMNS FROM runoob_tbl;
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| runoob_id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| runoob_title | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
| runoob_author | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
| submission_date | date | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
·SHOW INDEX FROM 数据表
显示数据表的详细索引信息,包括PRIMARY KEY(主键).
mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM runoob_tbl;
+------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| runoob_tbl | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | runoob_id | A | 2 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
+------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
> SHOW INDEX FROM runoob_tbl;
+------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| runoob_tbl | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | runoob_id | A | 2 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
+------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
·SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE [FROM db_name][LIKE 'pattern']\G:
该命令将输出MySql数据库管理系统的性能及统计信息
mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS FROM RUNOOB; # 显示数据库 RUNOOB 中所有表的信息
mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS from RUNOOB LIKE 'runoob%'; # 表名以runoob开头的表的信息
mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS from RUNOOB LIKE 'runoob%'\G; # 加上 \G,查询结果按列打印
> SHOW TABLE STATUS FROM RUNOOB; # 显示数据库 RUNOOB 中所有表的信息
mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS from RUNOOB LIKE 'runoob%'; # 表名以runoob开头的表的信息
mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS from RUNOOB LIKE 'runoob%'\G; # 加上 \G,查询结果按列打印
参考:
https://www.yuque.com/docs/share/3d4957a2-7b3c-4a12-ae64-4ad22df5c5f6