看源码:
public native String intern();
Returns a canonical representation for the string object.
A pool of strings, initially empty, is maintained privately by the class String.
When the intern method is invoked, if the pool already contains a string equal to this String object as determined by the equals(Object) method, then the string from the pool is returned. Otherwise, this String object is added to the pool and a reference to this String object is returned.
It follows that for any two strings s and t, s.intern() == t.intern() is true if and only if s.equals(t) is true.
All literal strings and string-valued constant expressions are interned. String literals are defined in §3.10.5 of the Java Language Specification
Returns:
a string that has the same contents as this string, but is guaranteed to be from a pool of unique strings.
意思是说当调用 intern 方法时,如果池已经包含一个等于此 String 对象的字符串(该对象由 equals(Object) 方法确定),则返回池中的字符串。否则,将此 String 对象添加到池中,并且返回此 String 对象的引用。
看下面这段代码:
- public class StringInternTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String str1 = new StringBuilder("chaofan").append("wei").toString();
- System.out.println(str1.intern() == str1);
- String str2 = new StringBuilder("ja").append("va").toString();
- System.out.println(str2.intern() == str2);
- }
- }
有图可知,当在jdk1.6中运行时,会得到两个false,而在jdk1.7中运行,会得到一个true和一个false。
产生的差异在于在jdk1.6中 intern 方法会把首次遇到的字符串实例复制到永久待(常量池)中,并返回此引用;但在jdk1.7中,只是会把首次遇到的字符串实例的引用添加到常量池中(没有复制),并返回此引用。
所以在jdk1.7中执行上面代码,str1返回true是引用他们指向的都是str1对象(堆中)(池中不存在,返回原引用),而str2返回false是因为池中已经存在"java"了(关键词),所以返回的池的对象,因此不相等。
看下面实例:
- @Test
- public void test3(){
- String str1 = "a";
- String str2 = "b";
- String str3 = "ab";
- String str4 = str1 + str2;
- String str5 = new String("ab");
- System.out.println(str5.equals(str3));//true
- System.out.println(str5 == str3);//false
- System.out.println(str5.intern() == str3);//true
- System.out.println(str5.intern() == str4);//false
- }
- @Test
- public void test4(){
- String a = new String("ab");
- String b = new String("ab");
- String c = "ab";
- String d = "a" + "b";
- String e = "b";
- String f = "a" + e;
- System.out.println(b.intern() == a);//fasle
- System.out.println(b.intern() == c);//true
- System.out.println(b.intern() == d);//true 编译期d已确定(修改、赋值)为ab
- System.out.println(b.intern() == f);//false
- System.out.println(b.intern() == a.intern());//true
- }
- @Test
- public void test5(){
- // 编译期已确定
- String a = "abc";
- String b = "abc";
- String c = "a" + "b" + "c";
- String d = "a" + "bc";
- String e = "ab" + "c";
- System.out.println(a == b);//true
- System.out.println(a == c);//true
- System.out.println(a == d);//true
- System.out.println(a == e);//true
- System.out.println(c == d);//true
- System.out.println(c == e);//true
- }