BitMaP(bmp)

1、位图文件头

//14byte  
typedef struct  
{  
    char cfType[2];//"BM"(0x4D42)  
    int32_t cfSize;  
    int16_t cfReserved1;  
    int16_t cfReserved2;
    int32_t cfoffBits;  
}__attribute__((packed)) BITMAPFILEHEADER;  

2、信息数据头

//40byte  
typedef struct  
{  
    char ciSize[4];//BITMAPFILEHEADER所占的字节数  
    int32_t ciWidth;
    int32_t ciHeight;  
    int16_t ciPlanes; 
    int16_t ciBitCount;
    int32_t ciCompress; 
    int32_t ciSizeImage;
    int32_t ciXPelsPerMeter; 
    int32_t ciYPelsPerMeter;  
    int32_t ciClrUsed;  
    int32_t ciClrImportant;
}__attribute__((packed)) BITMAPINFOHEADER;  

3、rgb格式

typedef struct  
{  
    uint16_t color;
    //unsigned char color0;  
    //unsigned char color1;  
}__attribute__((packed)) RGB565; 

typedef struct  
{  
    unsigned char blue;  
    unsigned char green;  
    unsigned char red;  
}__attribute__((packed)) RGB888; 
  
typedef struct  
{  
    unsigned char blue;  
    unsigned char green;  
    unsigned char red;  
    unsigned char alpha;  
}__attribute__((packed)) ARGB8888; 

4、调色板[可以通过读取这个结构体可以判断16位图像是rgb555或rgb565]

typedef struct
{
    uint32_t r;
    uint32_t g;
    uint32_t b;
}__attribute__((packed)) COLORPALETTE; 
#565
if ((bmp_rgb_16.r==0xf800) && (bmp_rgb_16.r=0x7e0) && (bmp_rgb_16.r=0x1f))
#555
if ((bmp_rgb_16.r==0x7c00) && (bmp_rgb_16.r=0x3e0) && (bmp_rgb_16.r=0x1f))

4、像素数组

BMP文件保存像素数据结构：以行像素为单位，从左到右，从下到上。

fp = fopen( bmp_file, "rb" );
rc = fread( &FileHead, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),1, fp );
if (memcmp(FileHead.cfType, "BM", 2) != 0)  
rc = fread( (char *)&InfoHead, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER),1, fp ); 
    fseek(fp, FileHead.cfoffBits, SEEK_SET);  
    line_x = line_y = 0;
    if (InfoHead.ciBitCount==32){
        ARGB8888 pix;
        while(!feof(fp))  {  
            rc = fread( (unsigned char *)&pix, 1, sizeof(ARGB8888), fp);  
            if (rc != sizeof(ARGB8888))  
                break;  
            location = line_x * bits_per_pixel / 8 + (InfoHead.ciHeight - line_y - 1) * xres * bits_per_pixel / 8;  
            *(fbp + location + 0)=pix.blue;  
            *(fbp + location + 1)=pix.green;  
            *(fbp + location + 2)=pix.red;  
            *(fbp + location + 3)=pix.alpha;  
            line_x++;  
            if (line_x == InfoHead.ciWidth ){  
                line_x = 0;  
                line_y++;  
                if(line_y == InfoHead.ciHeight)  
                    break;  
            }  
        }
    }  

5、行补0

BMP图像每行数据使用Dword,所以是4字节，

32位，24位数据刚好是4的倍数不用补0

16位是双字节，行末尾有可能不是4的倍数，图像工具生成BMP图像时会自动补0，自定义程序读取像素时加上判断跳过0即可，不然读取的图像会错位，因为多了0像素。