最近在做ns2的“反移植”工作,深入研究了一下NS2中包的结构,其定义主要在packet.h/cc中实现的,但是有许多代码是为了与TCL接口而设计的。其定义如下:
class Packet : public Event {
private:
unsigned char* bits_; // headerbits
AppData*data_; // variable size bufferfor 'data'
....};
不得不说,上面两个字段域是Packet最重要的动动,其中bits_存储包头结构,而data_存储用户自定义的数据。但是,NS2其实是一个大而全的仿真平台,它在仿真时其实是将所有或者大多数数据包放在一个包里面,即使当前用不到。比如我们建立一个仿真环境,用来测试两个节点的通过TCP建立连接,然后发送数据,理论上这个仿真中只涉及到TCP/IP的基本存储功能,即应该包括hdr_mac, hdr_ll, hdr_ip,hdr_cmn, hdr_tcp,但是实际得到的包应该如下:
hdr_ip | hdr_ll | hdr_cmn | hdr_tcp | hdr_XCP | ........ | |
那如何访问数据包中相应的子包呢,可以查看packet.h开始,发现定义了许多宏,如:
#defineHDR_CMN(p)
(hdr_cmn::access(p))
#defineHDR_ARP(p)(hdr_arp::access(p))
#defineHDR_MAC(p)(hdr_mac::access(p))
#define HDR_MAC802_11(p) ((hdr_mac802_11*)hdr_mac::access(p))
#define HDR_MAC_TDMA(p) ((hdr_mac_tdma *)hdr_mac::access(p))
#defineHDR_SMAC(p)((hdr_smac *)hdr_mac::access(p))
#defineHDR_LL(p)(hdr_ll::access(p))
#defineHDR_HDLC(p)((hdr_hdlc *)hdr_ll::access(p))
#defineHDR_IP(p)(hdr_ip::access(p))
#defineHDR_RTP(p)(hdr_rtp::access(p))
#defineHDR_TCP(p)(hdr_tcp::access(p))
#defineHDR_SCTP(p)(hdr_sctp::access(p))
#defineHDR_SR(p)(hdr_sr::access(p))
#defineHDR_TFRC(p)(hdr_tfrc::access(p))
#defineHDR_TORA(p)(hdr_tora::access(p))
就是用来访问相应的字段,比如HDR_MAC(p),即可以取得对应的域。而具体如何取则由hdr_***::access来实现。access是每一种包头都包含的,比如hdr_cmn:
inline static hdr_cmn* access(const Packet* p){
return (hdr_cmn*)p->access(offset_);
}
再看看包Packet的access函数,如下:
inline unsigned char* access(int off) const{
if (off <0) abort();
return(&bits_[off]);
}
到此,基本明白了,offset其实是每个包相对于packet开始的偏移值,通过这个偏移值即可确定其在整个包中的地址。
现在问题是,在哪个地方设置这个offset值,搜索了所有的C++代码也没看到对每个包的offset的初始化。经过仔细比较,发现在tcl/lib/ns-lib.tcl中的Simulator初始化init过程中有一个调用:
$self create_packetformat
接着在ns-packet.tcl中找到了这个函数:
Simulator instproc create_packetformat { } {
PacketHeaderManager instvar tab_
set pm [new PacketHeaderManager]
foreach cl [PacketHeader info subclass] {
if [info exists tab_($cl)]{
set off [$pmallochdr $cl]
$cl offset$off
}
}
$self set packetManager_ $pm
}
PacketHeader/PBC has offset 0
PacketHeader/LRWPAN has offset 8
PacketHeader/XCP has offset 216
PacketHeader/PGM has offset 272
PacketHeader/PGM_SPM has offset 288
PacketHeader/PGM_NAK has offset 296
PacketHeader/Pushback has offset 312
PacketHeader/NV has offset 320
PacketHeader/LDP has offset 328
PacketHeader/MPLS has offset 368
PacketHeader/rtProtoLS has offset 392
PacketHeader/Ping has offset 400
PacketHeader/TFRC has offset 424
PacketHeader/TFRC_ACK has offset 480
PacketHeader/Diffusion has offset 544
PacketHeader/RAP has offset 736
PacketHeader/AOMDV has offset 760
PacketHeader/AODV has offset 1568
PacketHeader/SR has offset 2376
PacketHeader/TORA has offset 3088
PacketHeader/IMEP has offset 3120
PacketHeader/ARP has offset 3632
PacketHeader/MIP has offset 3664
PacketHeader/IPinIP has offset 3696
PacketHeader/LL has offset 3704
PacketHeader/Mac has offset 3736
PacketHeader/Encap has offset 3776
PacketHeader/HttpInval has offset 3784
PacketHeader/SRMEXT has offset 3792
PacketHeader/SRM has offset 3800
PacketHeader/aSRM has offset 3816
PacketHeader/mcastCtrl has offset 3824
PacketHeader/CtrMcast has offset 3848
PacketHeader/rtProtoDV has offset 3864
PacketHeader/GAF has offset 3872
PacketHeader/Snoop has offset 3880
PacketHeader/SCTP has offset 3904
PacketHeader/TCPA has offset 3912
PacketHeader/TCP has offset 3928
PacketHeader/IVS has offset 4008
PacketHeader/RTP has offset 4040
PacketHeader/Message has offset 4056
PacketHeader/Resv has offset 4120
PacketHeader/QS has offset 4136
PacketHeader/UMP has offset 4152
PacketHeader/Src_rt has offset 4168
PacketHeader/IP has offset 4248
PacketHeader/Common has offset 4280
PacketHeader/Flags has offset 4384
实际上,每个包的offset应该为sizeof(hdr_***)。为了验证,写了一个程序测试。比如hdr_ip,
typedef int32_t nsaddr_t;
typedef int32_t nsmask_t;
struct ns_addr_t {
int32_t addr_;
int32_t port_;
};struct hdr_ip{
ns_addr_t src_;
ns_addr_t dst_;
int ttl_;
u_int16_t sport_;
u_int16_t dport_;
int fid_;
int prio_;
static int offset_;
inline static int& offset() {return offset_; }
ns_addr_t& src() { return (src_);}
nsaddr_t& saddr() { return(src_.addr_); }
int32_t& sport() { return src_.port_;} int main(intargc, char* argv[])
ns_addr_t& dst() { return (dst_);}
nsaddr_t& daddr() { return(dst_.addr_); }
int32_t& dport() { return dst_.port_;}
int& ttl() { return (ttl_);}
int& flowid() { return (fid_);}
int& prio() { return (prio_);}
};
{
printf("ip:%d\n", sizeof(hdr_ip));
printf("tora: %d\n", sizeof(hdr_tora)); }
getch();
return 0;
程序的输出验证我的猜想。
packet.h的下面定义则实现了两者间的绑定:
class PacketHeaderClass : public TclClass {
protected:
public:PacketHeaderClass(const char* classname, inthdrsize);
virtual int method(int argc, const char*const*argv);
void field_offset(const char* fieldname, intoffset);
inline void bind_offset(int* off) {offset_ = off; }
inline void offset(int* off) {offset_=off;}
inthdrlen_; // # of bytes for thisheader
int*offset_; // offset for thisheader
};virtual void bind();
virtual void export_offsets();
TclObject* create(int argc, const char*const*argv);