1.3 Set
Set用于存储无序且值不相等的元素。对象的相等性本质上是通过对象的Hashcode值相同,Java会根据对象的内存地址计算出对象的HashCode值。
1.3.1HashSet
HashSet底层由HashMap实现
public class HashSet<E>
extends AbstractSet<E>
implements Set<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
static final long serialVersionUID = -5024744406713321676L;
private transient HashMap<E,Object> map;
// Dummy value to associate with an Object in the backing Map
private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();
/**
* Constructs a new, empty set; the backing <tt>HashMap</tt> instance has
* default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75).
*/
public HashSet() {
map = new HashMap<>();
}
/**
* Constructs a new set containing the elements in the specified
* collection. The <tt>HashMap</tt> is created with default load factor
* (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to contain the elements in
* the specified collection.
*
* @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this set
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
*/
public HashSet(Collection<? extends E> c) {
map = new HashMap<>(Math.max((int) (c.size()/.75f) + 1, 16));
addAll(c);
}
/**
* Constructs a new, empty set; the backing <tt>HashMap</tt> instance has
* the specified initial capacity and the specified load factor.
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the hash map
* @param loadFactor the load factor of the hash map
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is less
* than zero, or if the load factor is nonpositive
*/
public HashSet(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
map = new HashMap<>(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
}
/**
* Constructs a new, empty set; the backing <tt>HashMap</tt> instance has
* the specified initial capacity and default load factor (0.75).
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the hash table
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is less
* than zero
*/
public HashSet(int initialCapacity) {
map = new HashMap<>(initialCapacity);
}
/**
* Constructs a new, empty linked hash set. (This package private
* constructor is only used by LinkedHashSet.) The backing
* HashMap instance is a LinkedHashMap with the specified initial
* capacity and the specified load factor.
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the hash map
* @param loadFactor the load factor of the hash map
* @param dummy ignored (distinguishes this
* constructor from other int, float constructor.)
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is less
* than zero, or if the load factor is nonpositive
*/
HashSet(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean dummy) {
map = new LinkedHashMap<>(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
}
}
HashSet存放的是哈希值,他根据哈希值来存取元素,如果元素的哈希值相等,接着通过equals()比较,如果equals()的返回值也为true,HashSet就将其视为同一个元素。
public boolean add(E e) {
return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
}
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}
1.3.2TreeSet
底层由TreeMap(二叉树)实现
public TreeSet() {
this(new TreeMap<E,Object>());
}
每添加一个对象都会进行排序,对于自定义的数据类型必须实现Comparable接口并覆写其中的compareTo()才可以按照预定的顺序进行排列。
1.3.3 LinkedHashSet
继承HashSet,通过HashMap实现数据存储,双向链表记录顺序。