protoent

truct protoent {
        char *       p_name; //名称
        char * *              p_aliases; //别名
        short        p_proto; //编号
       }  
getprotobyname():依照通讯协定 (protocol) 的名称来获取该通讯协定的其他资料。
  格 式: struct protoent * getprotobyname( const char *name );
  参 数: name   通讯协定名称
  传回值: 成功 - 一指向 struct protoent 的指针

       失败 - NULL  说明: 利用通讯协定的名称来得知该通讯协定的别名、编号等资料。 
getprotobynumber():依照通讯协定的编号来获取该通讯协定的其他资料。
  格 式: struct protoent * getprotobynumber( int number );
  参 数: number  以 host 排列方式的通讯协定编号
  传回值: 成功 - 一指向 struct protoent 的指针
       失败 - NULL 
  说明: 利用通讯协定的编号来得知该通讯协定的名称、别名等资料。

另外,:-)
toupper(char c)将字符c转换为大写英文字母。
d = strdup(char * s)复制字符串s到d,返回指向被复制的字符串的指针,所需空间由malloc()分配且可以由free()释放。
以下是一个使用C语言实现的简单的ICMP协议分析代码,它可以发送和接收ICMP协议报文: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <errno.h> #include <time.h> #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> #define PACKET_SIZE 4096 #define MAX_WAIT_TIME 5 #define MAX_NO_PACKETS 3 char sendpacket[PACKET_SIZE]; char recvpacket[PACKET_SIZE]; int sockfd, datalen = 56; int nsend = 0, nreceived = 0; struct sockaddr_in dest_addr; pid_t pid; // 计算校验和 unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr, int len) { int nleft = len; int sum = 0; unsigned short *w = addr; unsigned short answer = 0; while (nleft > 1) { sum += *w++; nleft -= 2; } if (nleft == 1) { *(unsigned char *)(&answer) = *(unsigned char *)w; sum += answer; } sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); sum += (sum >> 16); answer = ~sum; return answer; } // 发送ICMP报文 void send_packet() { memset(sendpacket, 0, sizeof(sendpacket)); struct icmp *icmp_hdr = (struct icmp *)sendpacket; icmp_hdr->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; icmp_hdr->icmp_code = 0; icmp_hdr->icmp_cksum = 0; icmp_hdr->icmp_id = pid; icmp_hdr->icmp_seq = nsend++; memset(icmp_hdr->icmp_data, 0xa5, datalen); gettimeofday((struct timeval *)icmp_hdr->icmp_data, NULL); icmp_hdr->icmp_cksum = cal_chksum((unsigned short *)icmp_hdr, datalen + 8); sendto(sockfd, sendpacket, datalen + 8, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&dest_addr, sizeof(dest_addr)); } // 接收ICMP报文 void recv_packet() { int n; socklen_t fromlen; extern int errno; fromlen = sizeof(dest_addr); while (1) { if ((n = recvfrom(sockfd, recvpacket, sizeof(recvpacket), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&dest_addr, &fromlen)) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) { continue; } perror("recvfrom error"); return; } struct iphdr *ip_hdr = (struct iphdr *)recvpacket; int ip_hdr_len = ip_hdr->ihl << 2; struct icmp *icmp_hdr = (struct icmp *)(recvpacket + ip_hdr_len); int icmp_len = n - ip_hdr_len; if (icmp_hdr->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY && icmp_hdr->icmp_id == pid) { struct timeval *tvsend = (struct timeval *)icmp_hdr->icmp_data; struct timeval tvrecv; gettimeofday(&tvrecv, NULL); double rtt = (tvrecv.tv_sec - tvsend->tv_sec) * 1000.0 + (tvrecv.tv_usec - tvsend->tv_usec) / 1000.0; printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u ttl=%d time=%.1f ms\n", icmp_len, inet_ntoa(dest_addr.sin_addr), icmp_hdr->icmp_seq, ip_hdr->ttl, rtt); nreceived++; } } } // 主函数 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct hostent *host; struct protoent *protocol; unsigned long inaddr = 0l; int waittime = MAX_WAIT_TIME; int size = 50 * 1024; if (argc < 2) { printf("usage:%s hostname/IP address\n", argv[0]); exit(1); } if ((protocol = getprotobyname("icmp")) == NULL) { perror("getprotobyname"); exit(1); } if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, protocol->p_proto)) < 0) { perror("socket error"); exit(1); } setuid(getuid()); setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &size, sizeof(size)); bzero(&dest_addr, sizeof(dest_addr)); dest_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; if (inaddr = inet_addr(argv[1]) == INADDR_NONE) { if ((host = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) { perror("gethostbyname error"); exit(1); } memcpy((char *)&dest_addr.sin_addr, host->h_addr, host->h_length); } else { dest_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inaddr; } pid = getpid(); printf("PING %s(%s): %d bytes data in ICMP packets.\n", argv[1], inet_ntoa(dest_addr.sin_addr), datalen); while (nsend < MAX_NO_PACKETS) { send_packet(); recv_packet(); sleep(waittime); } printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", argv[1]); printf("%d packets transmitted, %d received, %%%d lost\n", nsend, nreceived, (nsend - nreceived) / nsend * 100); close(sockfd); return 0; } ```
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