Appium-Python-Client 源码剖析（一） driver 的元素查找方法

前言

Appium的实用方法都藏在Client的源码里，我尝试在这里剖析一下Client的源码，第一篇，我们直接从大家最关注的元素查找说起。
注意！对于driver和webelement实例，均有对应的元素查找方法（webelement查找的是下面的子元素），本文讨论的元素查找针对的是driver实例。

源码版本:0.9

结构图：

mobileby.py

OK，现在假如我们需要自定义一些find方法，比如find_element_by_xxxx，我们该怎么做？我们看到，appium提供了一些扩展的find方法，它有它自己的一套方式，例如ACCESSIBILITY_ID等，要想自定义实现这些方法，appium首先做的就是：自定义一个MobileBy类，这个类从By类中继承，然后添加一些需要的属性，这些属性的value就是一些文本，不用担心他们不起作用，假如你熟悉webdriver的原理，应该会更好地理解。（不知道的同学可以戳这里：http://www.cnblogs.com/backpacker/archive/2012/11/22/2782686.html 或者http://www.cnblogs.com/timsheng/archive/2012/06/12/2546957.html）

#!/usr/bin/env python
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class MobileBy(By): #这里显然是一个继承
    """三个扩展属性,清清楚楚地罗列在这里"""
    IOS_UIAUTOMATION = '-ios uiautomation'
    ANDROID_UIAUTOMATOR = '-android uiautomator'
    ACCESSIBILITY_ID = 'accessibility id'

既然他继承自By类，我们直接戳到By类看一下，因为By类中还有一个classmethod下面会用到：

class By(object):
    """
    Set of supported locator strategies.
    """

    ID = "id"
    XPATH = "xpath"
    LINK_TEXT = "link text"
    PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = "partial link text"
    NAME = "name"
    TAG_NAME = "tag name"
    CLASS_NAME = "class name"
    CSS_SELECTOR = "css selector"

    @classmethod #好吧,我是一个类方法，下文中会用到我
    def is_valid(cls, by): #cls是把类对象本身传进来
        for attr in dir(cls):
            if by == getattr(cls, attr): #判断是不是可用的查找方式
                return True
        return False

这个MobileBy类在哪边起作用？我们去跟踪一下，来到这里：

appium的webdriver.py

    def find_element_by_ios_uiautomation(self, uia_string):
        """Finds an element by uiautomation in iOS.

        :Args:
         - uia_string - The element name in the iOS UIAutomation library

        :Usage:
            driver.find_element_by_ios_uiautomation('.elements()[1].cells()[2]')
        """
        #这里直接访问Appium自己定义的几个类属性
        return self.find_element(by=By.IOS_UIAUTOMATION, value=uia_string)

    def find_elements_by_ios_uiautomation(self, uia_string):
        """Finds elements by uiautomation in iOS.

        :Args:
         - uia_string - The element name in the iOS UIAutomation library

        :Usage:
            driver.find_elements_by_ios_uiautomation('.elements()[1].cells()[2]')
        """
        return self.find_elements(by=By.IOS_UIAUTOMATION, value=uia_string)

    def find_element_by_android_uiautomator(self, uia_string):
        """Finds element by uiautomator in Android.

        :Args:
         - uia_string - The element name in the Android UIAutomator library

        :Usage:
            driver.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('.elements()[1].cells()[2]')
        """
        return self.find_element(by=By.ANDROID_UIAUTOMATOR, value=uia_string)

    def find_elements_by_android_uiautomator(self, uia_string):
        """Finds elements by uiautomator in Android.

        :Args:
         - uia_string - The element name in the Android UIAutomator library

        :Usage:
            driver.find_elements_by_android_uiautomator('.elements()[1].cells()[2]')
        """
        return self.find_elements(by=By.ANDROID_UIAUTOMATOR, value=uia_string)

    def find_element_by_accessibility_id(self, id):
        """Finds an element by accessibility id.

        :Args:
         - id - a string corresponding to a recursive element search using the
         Id/Name that the native Accessibility options utilize

        :Usage:
            driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id()
        """
        return self.find_element(by=By.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, value=id)

    def find_elements_by_accessibility_id(self, id):
        """Finds elements by accessibility id.

        :Args:
         - id - a string corresponding to a recursive element search using the
         Id/Name that the native Accessibility options utilize

        :Usage:
            driver.find_elements_by_accessibility_id()
        """
        return self.find_elements(by=By.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, value=id)

所以，我们现在知道了，appium的这些扩展方法都是通过继承webdriver.Remote类来直接扩展的，appium扩展了webdriver.Remote来满足他的需求，我们尝试去追踪一下find_element和find_elements这两个核心方法！

selenium的webdriver.py

OK，我们终于来到实现的主体（核心）部分：find_element，find_elements：

def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None):
        """
        'Private' method used by the find_element_by_* methods.

        :Usage:
            Use the corresponding find_element_by_* instead of this.

        :rtype: WebElement
        """
        if not By.is_valid(by) or not isinstance(value, str):
            raise InvalidSelectorException("Invalid locator values passed in")

        return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENT,
                             {'using': by, 'value': value})['value']

    def find_elements(self, by=By.ID, value=None):
        """
        'Private' method used by the find_elements_by_* methods.

        :Usage:
            Use the corresponding find_elements_by_* instead of this.

        :rtype: list of WebElement
        """
        if not By.is_valid(by) or not isinstance(value, str):
            raise InvalidSelectorException("Invalid locator values passed in")

        return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENTS,
                             {'using': by, 'value': value})['value']

OK，我们从头到尾再试着理一下：

appium为了实现自己的find查找方式，首先自定义了一个MobileBy类，给这个类对象塞入了它定义的一些扩展属性，这些属性的值会通过webdriver协议推送到server端去识别和执行，为了让这些属性运用到find方法中，appium很好地继承和扩展了webdriver.Remote，然后通过调用driver实例的find_element和find_elements两个核心方法实现元素查找，所以，既然是扩展，appiumdriver实例可以使用seleniumdriver的所有关于元素查找的实例方法，他们的列表我们就可以整理出来了

seleniumdriver

find_element_by_id
find_elements_by_id
find_element_by_name
find_elements_by_name
find_element_by_link_text
find_elements_by_link_text
find_element_by_partial_link_text
find_elements_by_partial_link_text
find_element_by_tag_name
find_elements_by_tag_name
find_element_by_xpath
find_elements_by_xpath
find_element_by_class_name
find_elements_by_class_name
find_element_by_css_selector
find_elements_by_css_selector

appiumdriver

find_element_by_ios_uiautomation
find_elements_by_ios_uiautomation
find_element_by_android_uiautomator
find_elements_by_android_uiautomator
find_element_by_accessibility_id
find_elements_by_accessibility_id

转载自：http://testerhome.com/topics/1166