Linux 环境下Mysql的安装和卸载

1. 下载mysql

版本: mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
2. 解压到指定目录下,并更改文件名为mysql

# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

# cd /usr/local
# mv mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

3. 创建mysql用户组和用户

# groupadd mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

4. 创建数据目录并赋予权限

# cd /usr/local/mysql/
# mkdir -p  ./data
# chown mysql:mysql -R ./data

5. 创建配置文件my.cnf

# vi /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf

内容如下:

[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
#character config
character_set_server=utf8mb4
symbolic-links=0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

6. 进入mysql的bin目录,安装包并初始化

# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/

# yum install  libaio-devel.x86_64

# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --user=mysql --initialize

7. 查看密码

# cat /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err

[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Uo.KEY/!n2.u

查看可知密码为: Uo.KEY/!n2.u

8. 将mysql.server放置到/etc/init.d/mysql中

# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

9. 创建文件/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log,并授权

# mkdir /var/log/mariadb
# touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
# chown -R mysql:mysql  /var/log/mariadb/

10. 启动

# service mysql start

11. 修改密码

登录密码查看: 7. 查看密码

# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
# ./mysql -u root -p

输入初始密码登录成功后:

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

mysql> use mysql

mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

卸载Mysql

1.首先查看mysql的安装情况
 

rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

显示之前安装了：

MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5
MySQL-server-5.5.25a-1.rhel5

2.停止mysql服务,并删除包
 

service mysql stop
rpm -ev MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5  
rpm -ev MySQL-server-5.5.25a-1.rhel5

如果提示依赖包错误，则使用以下命令尝试

rpm -ev MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5 --nodeps  

如果提示错误：error: %preun(xxxxxx) scriptlet failed, exit status 1
则用以下命令尝试:

rpm -e --noscripts MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5  

3.查找之前老版本mysql的目录、并且删除老版本mysql的文件和库
 

whereis mysql

/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
/usr/lib64/mysql

删除对应的mysql目录

rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql

注意：卸载后/etc/my.cnf不会删除，需要进行手工删除

rm -rf /etc/my.cnf  

//可能有 my.cnf.rpmsave 文件
rm -rf my.cnf.rpmsave

4.再次查找机器是否安装mysql
 

rpm -qa|grep -i mysql 

 

无结果，说明已经卸载彻底

 

附加:

解决:

检查服务器的防火墙 或 阿里云的 安全组规则 是否配置