【英语学习】——孖宝视频

句子成分

• 主语
• 谓语
• 宾语
• 定语：用来修饰主语或宾语的句子成分。Beautiful girl love handsome boy.
• 状语：用来修饰谓语的句子成分。I walk fast.
• 补语：补充说明宾语的一些重要信息资料的句子成分。She painted the walls green.
• 系语和表语：系语只有一个意思，即“是”；表语就是系语所表达的性质；系语和表语一道构成谓语。Tom is handsome.

情态动词（Modal Verb）

情态动词定义：verb that is used with another verb(not a modal) to express possibility,permission,obligation,etc.

• shall
• should
• will
• can
• could
• may
• might
• must
• ought to
• have to
• need
• dare

 情态动词的使用方法：主语+情态动词+谓语（动词原形）+（宾语）

动名词

动名词定义：动词的-ing形式在起名词作用使，称为动名词。
动名词可以充当的句子充分
充当主语：Walking is a good exercise
充当表语：My job is teaching and learning.
充当宾语：I like killing.
动名词和非谓语动词的区分方法：不接宾语的即为动名词；反之，后接宾语的一定使非谓语动词

时态：

一般现在时态表达3个意思：表示一种状态；表示频繁发生的；表示有客观规律的事物
一般过去时态表达过去发生的对现在没有影响
现在完成时态可以这么认为是：一般现在时+一般过去时
 
例子：

• 现在进行时：I am loving her. 我正在爱她。
• 过去进行时：I was loved her at that moment. 我在那一刻正爱她。
• 一般现在时：I love her. 我爱她。
• 一般过去时：I loved her. 我爱过她。
• 现在完成时：I has loved her. 我已经爱她了。（从过去到现在都在爱）
• 过去完成时：I had loved her until 1998. 我已经爱她了直到1998年。
• 一般将来时：I will love her. 我将爱她。

被动语态

被动语态的构成：
主动语态：主语+及物动词（各种时态）+宾语
被动语态：宾语+be（各种时态）+及物动词（过去分词）+[by+主语]
被动语态的七种时态：

• 现在进行时：Mary is being beaten by Tom.Chickens are being killed by people.
• 过去进行时：Mary was being beaten by Tom.Chickens were being killed by people.
• 一般现在时：Water is drunk by people.Pigs are killed by people.
• 一般过去时：Mary was killed by people.People were made by the God.
• 现在完成时：Mary has been killed by tom.Some buildings have been made.
• 过去完成时：She had been protected until 2008.These books had been kept untill 1998.
• 一般将来时：The world will be controled by human.Laws will be used by us.

 

补语

名词和形容词可以做补语，补语是对宾语的补充说明 
补语和直接宾语的区分：是否和宾语构成一个合理的语句
补语和定语的区分：放在宾语前面的形容词是定语，放在宾语后面的形容词使补语。定语是限定宾语的状态，补语是说明宾语的结果。

 谓语

• 简单谓语：不及物动词做谓语（The UFO appeared）；及物动词做谓语（Tony has killed Mary）
• 复合谓语：情态动词 + 动词原形（I can speak english）；系动词 + 表语（Ann seems happy）

非谓语动词

不做谓语的动词即为非谓语动词。不做谓语做什么呢？它可以做除谓语外的任何句子成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语）。
非谓语动词的种类：

• 不定式：To seeing is to believe（To seeing -> 动词不定式 做 主语）（to believe -> 动词不定式 做 表语）
• 现在分词：Seeing is believing（Seeing -> 动词现在分词 做 主语）（believing -> 动词现在分词 做 表语）
• 过去分词：He has a son named Tom（named -> 动词过去分词 做 定语）

非谓语动词之——现在分词(主动状态)

• 主语：Playing basketball is a good habit
• 宾语：Tom likes playing basketball
• 定语：He bought a shirt costing $2
• 状语：He stand there doing nothing
• 补语：I smelt something burning

非谓语动词之——过去分词（被动状态）

• 主语：Praised by other people is good
• 宾语：He likes praised by other people
• 定语：Tom has a cat given by Mary
• 状语：Given $100,he felt great
• 补语：Helen got her blood tested

非谓语动词之——不定式（目的性）

• 主语：To be or not to be is a question.
• 宾语：He likes to go shopping.（He likes going shopping）.不定式表示的使目的，而现在分词则表示一种状态（兴趣），用现在分词表示he去shopping是一种兴趣
• 定语：Soldier is a man to obey orders.
• 状语：To earn more money,he works hard.
• 补语：He told me to run away.

宾语从句

• that
• 疑问词：where——how——why——what——which——who
• 连词：whether——if

She saw that he was sleeping.


She said that she didn't want to know.


I think that Tom lost his job.


主句是过去式则从句必须也是过去式，反之主句如果是一般现在时，则不限制从句的时态。


She asked me where I was going. 注意从句中where后面跟着 I 而不是通常的was 这是从句的一个特点，疑问句不用将系动词提前


She mentioned how we felt.


He want to know why we are so late.


I wonder what it is.


Only you can decide which on suits you best.


I don't know who the man is.


I don't konw whether they liked the place.


I asked her whether she agreed.


I wonder if it's large enough.


She didn't say if he was still alive.


It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation.

状语从句

• 时间状语从句
  • when;after;while;befeor;as;as soon as;since;whenever;as long as;once
• 地点状语从句
  • where;wherver;anywhere
• 方式状语从句
  • as正如;as if(thouth)仿佛;much as就好像
• 原因状语从句
  • because;as因为;since因为;in case;just in case以防，如果
• 条件状语从句
• 让步状语从句
• 定语从句

定语从句

定语从句是较为复杂的一种，为何复杂？因为其在句中的出现位置与汉语的语序有较大差距。
通常来讲如果碰到定语从句，则应该跳过它，先清除主句的意思，在看其所修饰的意思
定语通常修饰主语和宾语 

限制性——定语从句：The man who loves you is sitting on the seashore. 
非限制性——定语从句：He died in that accident , which seems a storm for her.

限制性定语从句 与 非限制性定语从句的区别：非限制性定语从句前有个逗号！

定语从句的连接词

• 连接代词：which who whom that
• 连接副词：where when whose

 
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