标准程序库中带异常处理的栈实现

#include <iostream>
#include <exception>
#include <deque>
using namespace std;

class Stack
{
private:
	deque<int> c;
public:
	class ReadEmptyStack : public exception
	{
	public:
		virtual const char *what() const throw()
		{
			return "read empty stack";
		}
	};

	int size() const
	{
		return c.size();
	}

	void push(const int& elem)
	{
		c.push_back(elem);
	}

	int pop()
	{
		if (c.empty())
			throw ReadEmptyStack();
		int temp = c.back();
		c.pop_back();
		return temp;
	}

	int &top()
	{
		if (c.empty())
			throw ReadEmptyStack();
		return c.back();
	}
};

int main()
{
	try{
		Stack st;
		st.push(1);
		st.push(2);
		st.push(3);

		cout<<st.pop()<<" ";
		cout<<st.pop()<<" ";

		st.top() = 77;

		st.push(4);
		st.push(5);

		st.pop();

		cout<<st.pop()<<" ";
		cout<<st.pop()<<endl;
		cout<<st.pop()<<endl;
	}
	catch(const exception& e)
	{
		cerr << "Exception:" <<e.what() <<endl;
	}
}