【Docker学习笔记一】Docker环境搭建

采用vagrant+virtual box在win10上准备Centos7
win10 64位
VirtualBox-6.0.12-133076-Win [链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Ze0juBR7rmJUS7s3wAjO6w 提取码: 5wia]
vagrant_2.2.6_x86_64 [链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1zX-3WF08K3srJrh48PPowA 提取码: ys23]
centos7
XShell6

	01 访问Vagrant官网
	https://www.vagrantup.com/
	
	02 点击Download
	Windows，MacOS，Linux等
	
	03 选择对应的版本
	
	04 傻瓜式安装
	
	05 命令行输入vagrant，测试是否安装成功

    01 访问VirtualBox官网
        https://www.virtualbox.org/

    02 选择左侧的“Downloads”

    03 选择对应的操作系统版本

    04 傻瓜式安装

    05 [win10中若出现]安装virtualbox快完成时立即回滚，并提示安装出现严重错误
        (1)打开服务
        (2)找到Device Install Service和Device Setup Manager，然后启动
        (3)再次尝试安装

	01 创建centos7文件夹，并进入其中[目录全路径不要有中文字符]
	
	02 在此目录下打开cmd，运行vagrant init centos/7
	   此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile，同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7，关键是这个镜像在哪里，我已经提前准备好了，名称是virtualbox.box文件[链接: [https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qR617C9rsqwx0isWBR2lpQ](https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qR617C9rsqwx0isWBR2lpQ) 提取码: k1eq]
	   
	03 将virtualbox.box文件添加到vagrant管理的镜像中
		(1)下载网盘中的virtualbox.box文件
	    (2)保存到磁盘的某个目录，比如D:\virtualbox.box
	    (3)添加镜像并起名叫centos/7：vagrant box add centos/7 D:\virtualbox.box
	    (4)vagrant box list  查看本地的box[这时候可以看到centos/7]
	    
	04 centos/7镜像有了，根据Vagrantfile文件启动创建虚拟机
		来到centos7文件夹，在此目录打开cmd窗口，执行vagrant up[打开virtual box观察，可以发现centos7创建成功]
		
	05 以后大家操作虚拟机，还是要在centos文件夹打开cmd窗口操作
		vagrant halt   优雅关闭
		vagrant up     正常启动
		
	06 vagrant常用命令
		(1)vagrant ssh    
	    	进入刚才创建的centos7中
	    (2)vagrant status
	    	查看centos7的状态
	    (3)vagrant halt
	    	停止/关闭centos7
	    (4)vagrant destroy
	    	删除centos7
	    (5)vagrant status
	    	查看当前vagrant创建的虚拟机
	    (6)Vagrantfile中也可以写脚本命令，使得centos7更加丰富
	    	但是要注意，修改了Vagrantfile，要想使正常运行的centos7生效，必须使用vagrant reload

至此，使用vagrant+virtualbox搭建centos7完成，后面可以修改Vagrantfile对虚拟机进行相应配置。

	01 使用centos7的默认账号连接
		在centos文件夹下执行vagrant ssh-config
		关注:Hostname  Port  IdentityFile
		IP:127.0.0.1
		port:2222
		用户名:vagrant
		密码:vagrant
		文件:Identityfile指向的文件private-key
		
	02 使用root账户登录
		vagrant ssh   进入到虚拟机中
		sudo -i
		vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
		修改PasswordAuthentication yes
		passwd修改密码，比如abc123
		systemctl restart sshd
		使用账号root，密码abc123进行登录

	# -*- mode: ruby -*-
	# vi: set ft=ruby :
	
	# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
	# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
	# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
	# you're doing.
	Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
	  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
	  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
	  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.
	
	  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
	  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
	  config.vm.box = "centos/7"
	
	  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
	  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
	  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
	  # config.vm.box_check_update = false
	
	  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
	  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
	  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
	  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
	  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
	
	  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
	  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
	  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
	  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
	
	  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
	  # using a specific IP.
	  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
	
	  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
	  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
	  # your network.
	  config.vm.network "public_network"
	
	  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
	  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
	  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
	  # argument is a set of non-required options.
	  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
	
	  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
	  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
	  # Example for VirtualBox:
	  #
	  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
	  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
	  #   vb.gui = true
	  #
	  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
	  #   vb.memory = "1024"
	  # end
	    config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
	        vb.memory = "4000"
	        vb.name= "devin-centos7"
	        vb.cpus= 2
	    end
	  #
	  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
	  # information on available options.
	
	  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
	  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
	  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
	  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
	  #   apt-get update
	  #   apt-get install -y apache2
	  # SHELL
	end

	01 退出虚拟机
		vagrant halt
	
	02 打包
		vagrant package --output first-docker-centos7.box
		
	03 得到first-docker-centos7.box
		
	04 将first-docker-centos7.box添加到其他的vagrant环境中
		vagrant box add first-docker-centos7 first-docker-centos7.box
		
	05 得到Vagrantfile
		vagrant init first-docker-centos7
	
	06 根据Vagrantfile启动虚拟机
		vagrant up [此时可以得到和之前一模一样的环境，但是网络要重新配置]

	01 进入centos7
		vagrant ssh
		
	02 卸载之前的docker
		sudo yum remove docker \
	                  docker-client \
	                  docker-client-latest \
	                  docker-common \
	                  docker-latest \
	                  docker-latest-logrotate \
	                  docker-logrotate \
	                  docker-engine
	                  
	03 安装必要的依赖
		sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
	    device-mapper-persistent-data \
	    lvm2
	    
	04 设置docker仓库  [设置阿里云镜像仓库可以先自行百度，后面课程也会有自己的docker hub讲解]	
		sudo yum-config-manager \
	      --add-repo \
	      https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
	      
	    [访问这个地址，使用自己的阿里云账号登录，查看菜单栏左下角，发现有一个镜像加速器:https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors]
	
	05 安装docker
		sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
		
	06 启动docker
		sudo systemctl start docker
		
	07 测试docker安装是否成功
		sudo docker run hello-world

	01 创建tomcat容器
		docker pull tomcat
		docker run -d --name my-tomcat -p 9090:8080 tomcat
	
	02 创建mysql容器
		docker run -d --name my-mysql -p 3301:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=devin123 --privileged mysql
		
	03 进入到容器里面
		docker exec -it containerid /bin/bash

	(1)docker pull在哪拉取的镜像？
	
	​	默认是在hub.docker.com
	
	(2)docker pull tomcat拉取的版本是？
	
	​	默认是最新的版本，可以在后面指定版本":"
	
	(3)简单先说一下命令咯

		docker pull        拉取镜像到本地
		docker run         根据某个镜像创建容器
		-d                 让容器在后台运行，其实就是一个进程
		--name             给容器指定一个名字
		-p                 将容器的端口映射到宿主机的端口
		docker exec -it    进入到某个容器中并交互式运行