【C++学习】习题记录 第九章 内存模型与名称空间

第九章 内存模型与名称空间

第一题：按题目要求补全程序，使用循环填充结构体，对名字输入空时结束，使用三个文件完成题目要求。

//golf.h      file1
#ifndef GOLF_H_
#define GOLF_H_
const int Len = 40 ;
 struct golf
 {
	 char fullname[Len];
	 int handicap;
 };
   void setgolf  (golf & g,const char * name ,int hc);
   int  setgolf  (golf & g);
   void handicap (golf & g,int hc);
   void showgolf (const golf & g);

#endif

//golf.cpp   file2
#include<iostream>
#include"golf.h"
void setgolf  (golf & g,const char * name ,int hc)
  {
	extern const int Len;
	  for(int i=0;i<Len;i++)
	  g.fullname[i]=name[i];
	g.handicap=hc;
  }
   int  setgolf  (golf & g)
   {
		int a;
		//char name[Len];
		//int hc;
		std::cout<<"Please Enter the name: ";
		std::cin.getline( g.fullname,Len);
		//g.fullname[Len]='\0';
	
		a=strlen(g.fullname);
		if (a!=0)
		{
			std::cout<<"Please Enter the handicap: ";
			std::cin>>g.handicap;
			std::cin.get();
			return 1;
		}
		else
			return 0;

   }
   void handicap (golf & g,int hc)
   {
	   g.handicap=hc;
   }
   void showgolf (const golf & g)
   {
	   std::cout<<"FullName is : "<<g.fullname<<std::endl;
	   std::cout<<"Handicap is : "<<g.handicap<<std::endl;
   }

//one.cpp  file3 , the main function
#include<iostream>
#include"golf.h"
int main()
{
	const int man=5;
	golf player[man];
	int i=1;
	int a;
	a=setgolf(player[0]);
	while(a!=0)		
	{
		if(i<man)
		{	
			a=setgolf(player[i]);
			i++;
		}
		else
			break;
	}
	for (int j=0;j<i-1;j++)
		showgolf(player[j]);
	if (strlen(player[0].fullname)!=0)
	{
		std::cout<<"Chage the handicap of "<<"\'"<<player[0].fullname<<"\'"
		     <<" ,enter the new value: ";
		int hc;
		std::cin>>hc;
		handicap(player[0],hc);
		showgolf(player[0]);
	}
	std::cout<<"Ends."<<std::endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;

}

第二题：修改程序清单9.8，使用string 对象替换char数组，并用相关比较函数判断空行。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
void strcount(const std::string *str);
 int main()
 {
	 using namespace std;
	 string input;
	 char next;
	 
	 cout<<"Enter a line :\n";
	getline(cin,input);
	 while(cin)
	 {
		strcount(&input);

		cout<<"Enter next line (empty line to quit): \n";
		getline(cin,input);
		if(!input.compare(""))
		break;
	 }
	 cout<<"Bye\n";
	 system("pause");
	 return 0;
 }
 
 void strcount(const std::string * str)
 {
	 using namespace std;
	 static int total=0;
	 int count=0;
	 int len=(*str).size();
	 char a;
	 for (int i=0;i<len;i++)
		{ 
			char a=(*str)[i];
			if(a!=' ')
			{
				count++;
			}
		 }
	 total+=count;

	 cout<<"\""<<*str<<"\" conttains ";
	 cout<<count<<" characters\n";
	 cout<<total<<" characters total\n";
 }

第三题：根据题目给出的结构体，用两种方法来初始化一个包含两个结构体的数组，并显示结构体内容，法一指定内存分配，法二用常规内存分配。

#include<iostream>
#include<new>
struct chaff
{
	char dross[20];
	int slag;
};
using namespace std;
const int NUM = 50;
chaff buff[NUM];
int main()
{
	chaff  *pc;
	pc= new(buff) chaff[2];
	pc = pc + 1;
	char temp[20];
	int i = 0;

	cout << "Solution 1: " << endl;
	for (; i < 2; i++)
	{

		cout << "Please enter the dross: ";
		cin >> temp;
		strcpy_s(pc->dross, temp);
		cout << "Please enter the slag: ";
		cin >> pc->slag;
		pc++;
	}
	for (int j = 0; j < i;j++)
	{
		pc--;   //倒序显示内容，指针返回。
		cout << "Dross: " << pc->dross << ". Slag is " << pc->slag << endl;
		
	}
	//delete []pc;
	cout << endl << endl;

	cout << "Solution 2: " << endl;
	chaff  *pc2 = new chaff[2];
	pc2 = pc2 + 1;//倒序显示时，最后PC2--超出分配范围，故先加1；
	 i = 0;
	for(; i < 2; i++)
	{

		cout << "Please enter the dross: ";
		cin >> temp;
		strcpy_s(pc2->dross, temp);
		cout << "Please enter the slag: ";
		cin >> pc2->slag;
		pc2++;
	}
	for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
	{
		pc2--;   //倒序显示内容，指针返回。
		cout << "Dross: " << pc2->dross << ". Slag is " << pc2->slag << endl;

	}
	delete [] pc2;
	cin.get();
	system("pause");
	
	return 0;
}

ps:程序最后会中止，不知道原因，以后再改。

第四题：根据题目给出完成程序，并按要求测试。

//SALES.h     file1
#ifndef SALES_H_
#define SALES_H_
namespace SALES
{
	const int QUARTERS = 4;
	struct Sales
	{
		double sales[QUARTERS];
		double average;
		double max;
		double min;
	};
	void setSales(Sales &s, const double ar[], int n = 4);

	void setSales(Sales &s);

	void showSales(const Sales &s);
}
#endif

// SALES.CPP   file2
#include<iostream>
#include"SALES.h"
namespace SALES{

	void setSales(Sales &s, const double ar[], int n)
	{
		double sum = 0;
		s.max = s.min = ar[0];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			s.sales[i] = ar[i];
			sum += ar[i];
			if (s.max < ar[i])
				s.max = ar[i];
			if (s.min > ar[i])
				s.min = ar[i];
		}
		s.average = sum / n;
	}

	void setSales(Sales &s)
	{
		using std::cout;
		using std::cin;
		using std::endl;
		cout << "Please enter four quarters ." << endl;
		for (int i = 0; i < QUARTERS; i++)
		{
			cout << "Now the " << i+1 << " : ";
			cin >> s.sales[i];
		}
		double sum = 0;
		double tempmin = s.sales[0];
		double tempmax = s.sales[0];
		for (int i = 1; i <QUARTERS; i++)
		{
			sum += s.sales[i];
			if (tempmax < s.sales[i])
				tempmax = s.sales[i];
			if (tempmin > s.sales[i])
				tempmin = s.sales[i];
		}
		s.max = tempmax;
		s.min = tempmin;
		s.average = sum / QUARTERS;
	}

	void showSales(const Sales &s)
	{
		using std::cout;
		using std::cin;
		using std::endl;
		int n = sizeof(s.sales) / sizeof(double);
		cout << "The sales is: ";
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			cout << s.sales[i] << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
		cout << "The max value is " << s.max << endl;
		cout << "The min value is " << s.min << endl;
		cout << "The average value is " << s.average << endl;
	}
}

//four.cpp     file3
#include<iostream>
#include"SALES.h"
using namespace SALES;
int main()
{
	Sales s1,s2;
	setSales(s1);
	double ar[4] = { 35,75,43.8,72 };
	setSales(s2, ar, 4);
	showSales(s2);
	showSales(s1);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

第九章完成。