**
时间格式化LocalDate,DateTimeFormatter—>parse,ofParttern
**
**Instant:**瞬时实例。
**LocalDate:**本地日期,不包含具体时间 例如:2014-01-14 可以用来记录生日、纪念日、加盟日等。
**LocalTime:**本地时间,不包含日期。
**LocalDateTime:**组合了日期和时间,但不包含时差和时区信息。
**ZonedDateTime:**最完整的日期时间,包含时区和相对UTC或格林威治的时差。
新API还引入了ZoneOffSet和ZoneId类,使得解决时区问题更为简便。解析、格式化时间的DateTimeFormatter类也全部重新设计.
使用方法:
public static final DateTimeFormatter YYYYMMDD_PATTERN_FORMARTTER = DateTimeFormatter .ofPattern("yyyyMMdd");
public static final DateTimeFormatter YYYY_MM_DD_PATTERN_FORMARTTER = DateTimeFormatter .ofPattern("yyyy_MM_dd");
public static final DateTimeFormatter YYYYMMDDHHMMSS_PATTERN_FORMARTTER = DateTimeFormatter .ofPattern("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
public static final DateTimeFormatter YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS_PATTERN_FORMARTTER = DateTimeFormatter .ofPattern("yyyy_MM_dd HH:mm:ss");
//将“yyyy_MM_dd”格式字符串转换成“yyyyMMdd”格式字符串
private String getDateString(String str){
LocalDate parse = **LocalDate**.parse(str, YYYY_MM_DD_PATTERN_FORMARTTER);
String format = parse.format (YYYYMMDD_PATTERN_FORMARTTER );
return format ;
}
//将“yyyy_MM_dd HH:mm:ss”格式字符串转换成“yyyyMMddHHmmss”格式字符串
private String getDateString(String str){
LocalDate parse = **LocalDateTime**.parse(str, YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS_PATTERN_FORMARTTER );
String format = parse.format(YYYYMMDDHHMMSS_PATTERN_FORMARTTER );
return format ;
}
//将“yyyyMMdd”格式字符串转换成“yyyy_MM_dd”格式字符串
private String getDateString(String str){
LocalDate parse = **LocalDate**.parse(str, YYYYMMDD_PATTERN_FORMARTTER );
String format = parse.format (YYYY_MM_DD_PATTERN_FORMARTTER);
return format ;
}
//将“yyyyMMddHHmmss”格式字符串转换成“yyyy_MM_dd HH:mm:ss”格式字符串
private String getDateString(String str){
LocalDate parse = **LocalDateTime**.parse(str, YYYYMMDDHHMMSS_PATTERN_FORMARTTER );
String format = parse.format(YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS_PATTERN_FORMARTTER );
return format ;
}
API使用:
public class TimeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取当前时间
LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("localDate:"+today);
//output:localDate:2021-10-26
//获取年、月、日信息
int year = today.getYear();
int month = today.getMonthValue();
int day = today.getDayOfMonth();
System.out.printf( "Year : %d Month : %d day : %d t %n" , year, month, day);
//output: Year : 2021 Month : 10 day : 26 t
//工厂方法LocalDate.of()创建任意日期
LocalDate dateOfBirth = LocalDate.of( 2021 , 10 , 26);
System.out.println( "create dateOfBirth is : " + dateOfBirth);
//output: create dateOfBirth is : 2021-10-26
//判断两个日期是否相等,如果比较的日期是字符型的,需要先解析成日期对象再作判断
LocalDate date1 = LocalDate.of( 2021, 10 , 26 );
if (date1.equals(today)){
System.out.printf( "Today %s and date1 %s are same date %n" , today, date1);
}
//output:Today 2021-10-26 and date1 2021-10-26 are same date
//通过 MonthDay来检查周期性事件
MonthDay birthday = MonthDay.of(dateOfBirth.getMonth(), dateOfBirth.getDayOfMonth());
MonthDay currentMonthDay = MonthDay.from(today);
if (currentMonthDay.equals(birthday)){
System.out.println( "happy birthday !!!" );
} else {
System.out.println( "Sorry, today is not your birthday" );
}
//output:happy birthday !!!
//获取时间使用的是LocalTime类,默认的格式是hh:mm:ss:nnn
LocalTime time = LocalTime.now();
System.out.println( "local time now : " + time);
//output:local time now : 17:10:52.862
//在现有的时间上增加2小时
LocalTime newTime = time.plusHours( 2 );
System.out.println( "Time after 2 hours : " + newTime);
//output:Time after 2 hours : 19:10:52.862
//计算一周后的日期
LocalDate nextWeek = today.plus( 1 , ChronoUnit.WEEKS);
System.out.println( "Today is : " + today);
//output:Today is : 2021-10-26
System.out.println( "Date after 1 week : " + nextWeek);
//output:Date after 1 week : 2021-11-02
//计算一年前或一年后的日期
LocalDate previousYear = today.minus( 1 , ChronoUnit.YEARS);
System.out.println( "Date before 1 year : " + previousYear);
//output:Date before 1 year : 2020-10-26
LocalDate nextYear = today.plus( 1 , ChronoUnit.YEARS);
System.out.println( "Date after 1 year : " + nextYear);
//output:Date after 1 year : 2022-10-26
//Clock时钟类用于获取当时的时间戳,或当前时区下的日期时间信息.
// 以前用到System.currentTimeInMillis()和TimeZone.getDefault()的地方都可用Clock替换。
Clock clock = Clock.systemUTC();
System.out.println( "Clock : " + clock);
//output:Clock : SystemClock[Z]
Clock defaultClock = Clock.systemDefaultZone();
System.out.println( "defaultClock : " + defaultClock);
//output:defaultClock : SystemClock[Asia/Shanghai]
//判断日期是早于还是晚于另一个日期
LocalDate tomorrow = LocalDate.of( 2022 , 1 , 15 );
if (tomorrow.isAfter(today)){
System.out.println( "Tomorrow comes after today" );
}
LocalDate yesterday = today.minus( 1 , DAYS);
if (yesterday.isBefore(today)){
System.out.println( "Yesterday is day before today" );
}
//output:Tomorrow comes after today
//output:Yesterday is day before today
//ZoneId来处理特定时区,ZoneDateTime类来表示某时区下的时间
ZoneId america = ZoneId.of( "America/New_York" );
LocalDateTime localtDateAndTime = LocalDateTime.now();
ZonedDateTime dateAndTimeInNewYork = ZonedDateTime.of(localtDateAndTime, america );
System.out.println( "Current date and time in a particular timezone : " + dateAndTimeInNewYork);
//output:Current date and time in a particular timezone : 2021-10-26T17:10:52.866-04:00[America/New_York]
//YearMonth:用于表示信用卡到期日、FD到期日、期货期权到期日等。
// 还可以用这个类得到 当月共有多少天,YearMonth实例的lengthOfMonth()方法可以返回当月的天数
YearMonth currentYearMonth = YearMonth.now();
System.out.printf( "Days in month year %s: %d%n" , currentYearMonth, currentYearMonth.lengthOfMonth());
//output:Days in month year 2021-10: 31
YearMonth creditCardExpiry = YearMonth.of( 2018 , Month.FEBRUARY);
System.out.printf( "Your credit card expires on %s %n" , creditCardExpiry);
//output:Your credit card expires on 2018-02
//检查闰年
if (today.isLeapYear()){
System.out.println( "This year is Leap year" );
} else {
System.out.println( "2014 is not a Leap year" );
}
//output:2014 is not a Leap year
//计算两个日期之间的天数和月数:计算当天和将来某一天之间的月数
LocalDate future = LocalDate.of( 2022 , Month.MARCH, 14 );
Period periodToNextJavaRelease = Period.between(today, future);
System.out.println( "Months left between today and future : "
+ periodToNextJavaRelease.getMonths() );
//output:Months left between today and future : 4
//ZoneOffset类用来表示时区,举例来说印度与GMT或UTC标准时区相差+05:30,
// 可以通过ZoneOffset.of()静态方法来获取对应的时区。
// 一旦得到了时差就可以通过传入LocalDateTime和ZoneOffset来创建一个OffSetDateTime对象
LocalDateTime datetime = LocalDateTime.of( 2014 , Month.JANUARY, 14 , 19 , 30 );
ZoneOffset offset = ZoneOffset.of( "+05:30" );
OffsetDateTime date = OffsetDateTime.of(datetime, offset);
System.out.println( "Date and Time with timezone offset in Java : " + date);
//output:Date and Time with timezone offset in Java : 2014-01-14T19:30+05:30
//获取当前的时间戳,等同于 Java 8之前的Date类
Instant timestamp = Instant.now();
System.out.println( "What is value of this instant " + timestamp);
//output:What is value of this instant 2021-10-26T09:10:52.873Z
//将Instant转换成java.util.Date
Date date2 = Date.from(timestamp);
System.out.println( "date2 :" + timestamp);
//output:date2: 2021-10-26T09:10:52.873Z
//将Date类转换成Instant类
Instant instant = date2.toInstant();
System.out.println( "instant: " + timestamp);
//output:instant :2021-10-26T09:10:52.873Z
//使用预定义的格式化工具去解析或格式化日期:"20140116"-->"2014-01-16"
String dayAfterTommorrow = "20140116" ;
LocalDate formatted = LocalDate.parse(dayAfterTommorrow,
DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE);
System.out.printf( "Date generated from String %s is %s %n" ,
dayAfterTommorrow, formatted);
//output:Date generated from String 20140116 is 2014-01-16
//使用自定义格式化工具解析日期
String goodFriday = "Apr 18 2014" ;
try {
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern( "MMM dd yyyy" );
LocalDate holiday = LocalDate.parse(goodFriday, formatter);
System.out.printf( "Successfully parsed String %s, date is %s%n" , goodFriday, holiday);
} catch (DateTimeParseException ex) {
System.out.printf( "%s is not parsable!%n" , goodFriday);
ex.printStackTrace();
}
//Output :Successfully parsed String Apr 18 2014, date is 2014-04-18
//把日期转换成字符串
LocalDateTime arrivalDate = LocalDateTime.now();
try {
DateTimeFormatter format = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern( "MMM dd yyyy hh:mm a" );
String landing = arrivalDate.format(format);
System.out.printf( "Arriving at : %s %n" , landing);
} catch (DateTimeException ex) {
System.out.printf( "%s can't be formatted!%n" , arrivalDate);
ex.printStackTrace();
}
//Output : Arriving at : Jan 14 2014 04:33 PM
}
//还可以针对clock时钟做比较,像下面这个例子:
//这种方式在不同时区下处理日期时会非常管用
public class MyClass {
private Clock clock; // dependency inject
public void process(LocalDate eventDate) {
if (eventDate.isBefore(LocalDate.now(clock))){
System.out.println(".....");
}
}
}
}
总结:
1)提供了javax.time.ZoneId 获取时区。
2)提供了LocalDate和LocalTime类。
3)Java 8 的所有日期和时间API都是不可变类并且线程安全,而现有的Date和Calendar API中的java.util.Date和SimpleDateFormat是非线程安全的。
4)主包是 java.time,包含了表示日期、时间、时间间隔的一些类。里面有两个子包java.time.format用于格式化, java.time.temporal用于更底层的操作。
5)时区代表了地球上某个区域内普遍使用的标准时间。每个时区都有一个代号,格式通常由区域/城市构成(Asia/Tokyo),在加上与格林威治或 UTC的时差。例如:东京的时差是+09:00。
6)OffsetDateTime类实际上组合了LocalDateTime类和ZoneOffset类。用来表示包含和格林威治或UTC时差的完整日期(年、月、日)和时间(时、分、秒、纳秒)信息。
7)DateTimeFormatter 类用来格式化和解析时间。与SimpleDateFormat不同,这个类不可变并且线程安全,需要时可以给静态常量赋值。 DateTimeFormatter类提供了大量的内置格式化工具,同时也允许你自定义。在转换方面也提供了parse()将字符串解析成日期,如果解析出错会抛出DateTimeParseException。DateTimeFormatter类同时还有format()用来格式化日期,如果出错会抛出DateTimeException异常。
8)再补充一点,日期格式“MMM d yyyy”和“MMM dd yyyy”有一些微妙的不同,第一个格式可以解析“Jan 2 2014”和“Jan 14 2014”,而第二个在解析“Jan 2 2014”就会抛异常,因为第二个格式里要求日必须是两位的。如果想修正,你必须在日期只有个位数时在前面补零,就是说“Jan 2 2014”应该写成 “Jan 02 2014”。
参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_34010566/article/details/94685511