Spring MVC(二)
视图定位
- 定义
如果代码写成这样,就表示跳转到页面 index.jsp
new ModelAndView("index.jsp");
所谓的视图定位,指的是代码还是写成这样,但是会跳转到 /WEB-INF/page/index.jsp
new ModelAndView("index");
即不带后缀.jsp进行访问了 - web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class> <!-- 配置Spring MVC的入口 DispatcherServlet,把所有的请求都提交到该Servlet -->
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <!-- 对应跳到springmvc-servlet.xml -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
- springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans> <!-- 这是Spring MVC的 映射配置文件 -->
<!-- 与web.xml中的<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>相对应 -->
//增加的设置部分:其作用是把视图约定在 /WEB-INF/page/*.jsp 这个位置
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/" /> //前缀
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> //后缀
</bean>
<bean id="simpleUrlHandlerMapping"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/index">indexController</prop> <!-- 表示访问路径/index会交给id=indexController的bean处理 -->
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="indexController" class="controller.IndexController"></bean> <!-- 去找相应的类 -->
</beans>
注解方式
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<!--表示从包controller下扫描有@Controller注解的类-->
<context:component-scan base-package="controller" />
<bean id="irViewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!--去掉映射相关的配置,因为已经使用注解方式了-->
<!-- <bean id="simpleUrlHandlerMapping" -->
<!-- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> -->
<!-- <property name="mappings"> -->
<!-- <props> -->
<!-- <prop key="/index">indexController</prop> -->
<!-- </props> -->
<!-- </property> -->
<!-- </bean> -->
<!-- <bean id="indexController" class="controller.IndexController"></bean> -->
</beans>
关于.xml原配置映射到了类与注解配置直接映射到了方法上的解释:
注解之所仅需要配置在方法上就可以了,是因为它在某个类中,所以也就间接地提供了“是哪个类”
这个重要信息.xml配置文件,仅仅给出方法,那么怎么定位是哪个类呢?
- IndexController.java
package controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
//SpringMVC通过 ModelAndView 对象把模型和视图结合在一起
public class IndexController implements Controller {
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { //提供方法handleRequest处理请求
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index"); //表示视图是index.jsp (修改部分index.jsp改成index)
mav.addObject("message", "Hello Spring MVC"); //模型数据是 message,内容是 “Hello Spring MVC”
return mav; //跳转到指定页面并传递message数据
}
}
注解方式:
package controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller //在类前面加上@Controller 表示该类是一个控制器
public class IndexController { //注意:不再让IndexController实现Controller接口
@RequestMapping("/index") //表示路径/index会映射到该handleRequest方法上
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index");
mav.addObject("message", "Hello Spring MVC");
return mav;
}
}
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