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14 3C14 3.55 14.45 4 15 4C15.55 4 16 3.55 16 3ZM3 11C2.45 11 2 10.55 2 10C2 9.45 2.45 9 3 9C3.55 9 4 9.45 4 10C4 10.55 3.55 11 3 11ZM14 17C14 17.55 14.45 18 15 18C15.55 18 16 17.55 16 17C16 16.45 15.55 16 15 16C14.45 16 14 16.45 14 17Z" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg></a></share-button></div><div class="display-flex gap-top-300 lg:gap-top-400"><div class="display-flex justify-content-center width-full"><article class="measure-long pad-left-400 pad-right-400 post stack width-full"><div class="flow-space-200 stack"><h1 class="type--h2"><p>Autoplay policy in Chrome</p></h1><p class="type--h5">Improved user experience, minimized incentives to install ad blockers, and reduced data consumption</p><p class="color-secondary-text type--caption">Published on <time datetime="2017-09-13">Wednesday, September 13, 2017 </time><span>•</span> Updated on <time datetime="2021-05-25">Tuesday, May 25, 2021 </time></p></div><div class="lg:stack-exception-700 stack-exception-600"><div class="post-authors"><div class="align-start display-flex"><a class="card-authors__image" href="https://developer.chrome.com/authors/beaufortfrancois/" translate="no"> <img class="flex-shrink-none height-600 width-600" width="40" height="40" src="./Autoplay policy in Chrome - Chrome for Developers_files/8SV7KI2QNVXph2L5Cga2.jpeg" sizes="(min-width:40px) 40px,calc(100vw - 48px)" srcset="https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/8SV7KI2QNVXph2L5Cga2.jpeg?auto=format&w=40 40w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/8SV7KI2QNVXph2L5Cga2.jpeg?auto=format&w=46 46w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/8SV7KI2QNVXph2L5Cga2.jpeg?auto=format&w=52 52w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/8SV7KI2QNVXph2L5Cga2.jpeg?auto=format&w=59 59w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/8SV7KI2QNVXph2L5Cga2.jpeg?auto=format&w=68 68w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/8SV7KI2QNVXph2L5Cga2.jpeg?auto=format&w=77 77w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/8SV7KI2QNVXph2L5Cga2.jpeg?auto=format&w=88 88w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/8SV7KI2QNVXph2L5Cga2.jpeg?auto=format&w=100 100w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/8SV7KI2QNVXph2L5Cga2.jpeg?auto=format&w=114 114w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/8SV7KI2QNVXph2L5Cga2.jpeg?auto=format&w=120 120w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="François Beaufort"> </a><div class="align-start direction-column display-flex gap-left-300 type--small"><a class="color-text display-inline-flex surface" href="https://developer.chrome.com/authors/beaufortfrancois/" translate="no">François Beaufort</a><p class="color-secondary-text">Dives into Chromium source code</p><div class="post-authors-social"><a class="link" href="https://github.com/beaufortfrancois" rel="me">GitHub</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="display-block toc-container xl:display-none"><details class="toc" role="navigation" aria-label="Table of contents"><summary class="color-secondary-text surface user-select-none"><div class="align-center display-inline-flex"><div class="type--h6">Table of contents</div><span class="toc__icon"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24" role="img" aria-label="arrow-right"><path d="M10 17l5-5-5-5v10z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 24V0h24v24H0z"></path></svg> </span></div></summary><div class="toc__wrapper"><ul><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#new-behaviors">New behaviors</a><ul><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#media-engagement-index">Media Engagement Index</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#developer-switches">Developer switches</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#iframe-delegation">Iframe delegation</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#chrome-enterprise-policies">Chrome enterprise policies</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#best-practices-for-web-developers">Best practices for web developers</a><ul><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#audiovideo-elements">Audio/Video elements</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#web-audio">Web Audio</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></details></div><div class="center-images stack stack--block type"><div class="aside aside--note"><p>The Autoplay Policy launched in Chrome 66 for audio and video elements and is effectively blocking roughly half of unwanted media autoplays in Chrome. For the Web Audio API, the autoplay policy launched in Chrome 71. This affects web games, some WebRTC applications, and other web pages using audio features. More details can be found in the <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#web-audio">Web Audio API</a> section below.</p></div><p>Chrome's autoplay policies changed in April of 2018 and I'm here to tell you why and how this affects video playback with sound. Spoiler alert: users are going to love it!</p><figure class="w-figure"><div class="columns"><div class="columns__column"><img width="398" height="374" src="./Autoplay policy in Chrome - Chrome for Developers_files/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg" sizes="(min-width:398px) 398px,calc(100vw - 48px)" srcset="https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg?auto=format&w=200 200w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg?auto=format&w=228 228w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg?auto=format&w=260 260w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg?auto=format&w=296 296w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg?auto=format&w=338 338w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg?auto=format&w=385 385w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg?auto=format&w=439 439w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg?auto=format&w=500 500w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg?auto=format&w=571 571w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg?auto=format&w=650 650w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg?auto=format&w=741 741w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/iEG2wgEqo8Sx40QqfS8E.jpeg?auto=format&w=796 796w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Liam Neeson: I will find you and I will pause you."></div><div class="columns__column"><img width="335" height="335" src="./Autoplay policy in Chrome - Chrome for Developers_files/pl6fnOXI5RWtyXXsfYPg.jpeg" sizes="(min-width:335px) 335px,calc(100vw - 48px)" srcset="https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/pl6fnOXI5RWtyXXsfYPg.jpeg?auto=format&w=200 200w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/pl6fnOXI5RWtyXXsfYPg.jpeg?auto=format&w=228 228w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/pl6fnOXI5RWtyXXsfYPg.jpeg?auto=format&w=260 260w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/pl6fnOXI5RWtyXXsfYPg.jpeg?auto=format&w=296 296w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/pl6fnOXI5RWtyXXsfYPg.jpeg?auto=format&w=338 338w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/pl6fnOXI5RWtyXXsfYPg.jpeg?auto=format&w=385 385w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/pl6fnOXI5RWtyXXsfYPg.jpeg?auto=format&w=439 439w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/pl6fnOXI5RWtyXXsfYPg.jpeg?auto=format&w=500 500w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/pl6fnOXI5RWtyXXsfYPg.jpeg?auto=format&w=571 571w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/pl6fnOXI5RWtyXXsfYPg.jpeg?auto=format&w=650 650w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/pl6fnOXI5RWtyXXsfYPg.jpeg?auto=format&w=670 670w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Sean Bean: One does not simply autoplay videoas."></div></div><figcaption class="w-figcaption">Internet memes tagged "autoplay" found on <a href="https://imgflip.com/i/ngd6c">Imgflip</a> and <a href="https://imgur.com/a/p1ZjC">Imgur</a>.</figcaption></figure><h2 id="new-behaviors" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#new-behaviors" aria-hidden="true">#</a> New behaviors</h2><p>As you may have <a href="https://webkit.org/blog/7734/auto-play-policy-changes-for-macos/">noticed</a>, web browsers are moving towards stricter autoplay policies in order to improve the user experience, minimize incentives to install ad blockers, and reduce data consumption on expensive and/or constrained networks. These changes are intended to give greater control of playback to users and to benefit publishers with legitimate use cases.</p><p>Chrome's autoplay policies are simple:</p><ul><li>Muted autoplay is always allowed.</li><li>Autoplay with sound is allowed if:<ul><li>The user has interacted with the domain (click, tap, etc.).</li><li>On desktop, the user's <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#media-engagement-index">Media Engagement Index</a> threshold has been crossed, meaning the user has previously played video with sound.</li><li>The user has <a href="https://web.dev/customize-install/">added the site to their home screen</a> on mobile or <a href="https://web.dev/progressive-web-apps/">installed the PWA</a> on desktop.</li></ul></li><li>Top frames can <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#iframe-delegation">delegate autoplay permission</a> to their iframes to allow autoplay with sound.</li></ul><h3 id="media-engagement-index" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#media-engagement-index" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Media Engagement Index</h3><p>The Media Engagement Index (MEI) measures an individual's propensity to consume media on a site. Chrome's approach is a ratio of visits to significant media playback events per origin:</p><ul><li>Consumption of the media (audio/video) must be greater than seven seconds.</li><li>Audio must be present and unmuted.</li><li>The tab with the video is active.</li><li>Size of the video (in px) must be greater than <a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/1c63b1b71d28851fc495fdee9a2c724ea148e827/chrome/browser/media/media_engagement_contents_observer.cc#38">200x140</a>.</li></ul><p>From that, Chrome calculates a media engagement score, which is highest on sites where media is played on a regular basis. When it is high enough, media is allowed to autoplay on desktop only.</p><p>A user's MEI is available at the <code>about://media-engagement</code> internal page.</p><figure class="w-figure"><img width="800" height="280" src="./Autoplay policy in Chrome - Chrome for Developers_files/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png" sizes="(min-width:800px) 800px,calc(100vw - 48px)" srcset="https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=200 200w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=228 228w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=260 260w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=296 296w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=338 338w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=385 385w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=439 439w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=500 500w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=571 571w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=650 650w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=741 741w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=845 845w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=964 964w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=1098 1098w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=1252 1252w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=1428 1428w,https://wd.imgix.net/image/sQ51XsLqKMgSQMCZjIN0B7hlBO02/x0XKHYcLKjmDzjfxQxFg.png?auto=format&w=1600 1600w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Screenshot of about://media-engagement internal page."><figcaption class="w-figcaption">Screenshot of the <code>about://media-engagement</code> internal page in Chrome.</figcaption></figure><h3 id="developer-switches" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#developer-switches" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Developer switches</h3><p>As a developer, you may want to change Chrome autoplay policy behavior locally to test your website for different levels of user engagement.</p><ul><li><p>You can disable the autoplay policy entirely by using a <a href="https://www.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/run-chromium-with-flags">command line flag</a>: <code>chrome.exe --autoplay-policy=no-user-gesture-required</code>. This allows you to test your website as if user were strongly engaged with your site and playback autoplay would be always allowed.</p></li><li><p>You can also decide to make sure autoplay is never allowed by disabling MEI and whether sites with the highest overall MEI get autoplay by default for new users. <a href="https://www.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/run-chromium-with-flags">Do this with flags</a>: <code>chrome.exe --disable-features=PreloadMediaEngagementData, MediaEngagementBypassAutoplayPolicies</code>.</p></li></ul><h3 id="iframe-delegation" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#iframe-delegation" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Iframe delegation</h3><p>A <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/docs/privacy-sandbox/permissions-policy/">permissions policy</a> allows developers to selectively enable and disable browser features and APIs. Once an origin has received autoplay permission, it can delegate that permission to cross-origin iframes with the <a href="https://github.com/WICG/feature-policy/blob/main/features.md">permissions policy for autoplay</a>. Note that autoplay is allowed by default on same-origin iframes.</p><pre class="language-html"><code class="language-html"><span class="comment token"><!-- Autoplay is allowed. --></span><br><span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"><</span>iframe</span> <span class="attr-name token">src</span><span class="attr-value token"><span class="attr-equals punctuation token">=</span><span class="punctuation token">"</span>https://cross-origin.com/myvideo.html<span class="punctuation token">"</span></span> <span class="attr-name token">allow</span><span class="attr-value token"><span class="attr-equals punctuation token">=</span><span class="punctuation token">"</span>autoplay<span class="punctuation token">"</span></span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span><br><br><span class="comment token"><!-- Autoplay and Fullscreen are allowed. --></span><br><span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"><</span>iframe</span> <span class="attr-name token">src</span><span class="attr-value token"><span class="attr-equals punctuation token">=</span><span class="punctuation token">"</span>https://cross-origin.com/myvideo.html<span class="punctuation token">"</span></span> <span class="attr-name token">allow</span><span class="attr-value token"><span class="attr-equals punctuation token">=</span><span class="punctuation token">"</span>autoplay; fullscreen<span class="punctuation token">"</span></span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span></code></pre><p>When the permissions policy for autoplay is disabled, calls to <code>play()</code> without a user gesture will reject the promise with a <code>NotAllowedError</code> DOMException. And the autoplay attribute will also be ignored.</p><div class="aside aside--warning"><div class="aside__label gap-bottom-300"><svg fill="none" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M23 21L12 2 1 21h22zm-12-3v-2h2v2h-2zm0-4h2v-4h-2v4z" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><span>Warning</span></div><p>Older articles incorrectly recommend using the attribute <code>gesture=media</code> which is not supported.</p></div><h3 id="examples" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#examples" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Examples</h3><p><strong>Example 1:</strong> Every time a user visits <code>VideoSubscriptionSite.com</code> on their laptop they watch a TV show or a movie. As their media engagement score is high, autoplay is allowed.</p><p><strong>Example 2:</strong> <code>GlobalNewsSite.com</code> has both text and video content. Most users go to the site for text content and watch videos only occasionally. Users' media engagement score is low, so autoplay wouldn't be allowed if a user navigates directly from a social media page or search.</p><p><strong>Example 3:</strong> <code>LocalNewsSite.com</code> has both text and video content. Most people enter the site through the homepage and then click on the news articles. Autoplay on the news article pages would be allowed because of user interaction with the domain. However, care should be taken to make sure users aren't surprised by autoplaying content.</p><p><strong>Example 4:</strong> <code>MyMovieReviewBlog.com</code> embeds an iframe with a movie trailer to go with a review. Users interacted with the domain to get to the blog, so autoplay is allowed. However, the blog needs to explicitly delegate that privilege to the iframe in order for the content to autoplay.</p><h3 id="chrome-enterprise-policies" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#chrome-enterprise-policies" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Chrome enterprise policies</h3><p>It is possible to change the autoplay behavior with Chrome enterprise policies for use cases such as kiosks or unattended systems. Check out the <a href="https://chromeenterprise.google/policies/">Policy List</a> help page to learn how to set the autoplay related enterprise policies:</p><ul><li>The <code><a href="https://chromeenterprise.google/policies/#AutoplayAllowed">AutoplayAllowed</a></code> policy controls whether autoplay is allowed or not.</li><li>The <code><a href="https://chromeenterprise.google/policies/#AutoplayAllowlist">AutoplayAllowlist</a></code> policy allows you to specify an allowlist of URL patterns where autoplay will always be enabled.</li></ul><h2 id="best-practices-for-web-developers" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#best-practices-for-web-developers" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Best practices for web developers</h2><h3 id="audiovideo-elements" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#audiovideo-elements" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Audio/Video elements</h3><p>Here's the one thing to remember: Don't ever assume a video will play, and don't show a pause button when the video is not actually playing. It is so important that I'm going to write it one more time below for those who simply skim through that post.</p><div class="aside aside--important"><div class="aside__label gap-bottom-300"><svg fill="none" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 21c0 .55.45 1 1 1h4c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-1H9v1zm3-19C8.14 2 5 5.14 5 9c0 2.38 1.19 4.47 3 5.74V17c0 .55.45 1 1 1h6c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-2.26c1.81-1.27 3-3.36 3-5.74 0-3.86-3.14-7-7-7zm2.85 11.1l-.85.6V16h-4v-2.3l-.85-.6A4.997 4.997 0 017 9c0-2.76 2.24-5 5-5s5 2.24 5 5c0 1.63-.8 3.16-2.15 4.1z"></path></svg><span>Important</span></div><p>Don't assume a video will play, and don't show a pause button when the video is not actually playing.</p></div><p>You should always look at the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise">Promise</a> returned by the play function to see if it was <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/play-request-was-interrupted/">rejected</a>:</p><pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js"><span class="keyword token">var</span> promise <span class="operator token">=</span> document<span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function token">querySelector</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="string token">'video'</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function token">play</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span><br><br><span class="keyword token">if</span> <span class="punctuation token">(</span>promise <span class="operator token">!==</span> <span class="keyword token">undefined</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span><br> promise<span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function token">then</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="parameter token">_</span> <span class="operator token">=></span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span><br> <span class="comment token">// Autoplay started!</span><br> <span class="punctuation token">}</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function token">catch</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="parameter token">error</span> <span class="operator token">=></span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span><br> <span class="comment token">// Autoplay was prevented.</span><br> <span class="comment token">// Show a "Play" button so that user can start playback.</span><br> <span class="punctuation token">}</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span><br><span class="punctuation token">}</span></code></pre><div class="aside aside--caution"><div class="aside__label gap-bottom-300"><svg fill="none" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 2C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zm-1 15v-2h2v2h-2zm0-10v6h2V7h-2z" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><span>Caution</span></div><p>Don't play interstitial ads without showing any media controls as they may not autoplay and users will have no way of starting playback.</p></div><p>One cool way to engage users is to use muted autoplay and let them chose to unmute. (See the example below.) Some websites already do this effectively, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube.</p><pre class="language-html"><code class="language-html"><span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"><</span>video</span> <span class="attr-name token">id</span><span class="attr-value token"><span class="attr-equals punctuation token">=</span><span class="punctuation token">"</span>video<span class="punctuation token">"</span></span> <span class="attr-name token">muted</span> <span class="attr-name token">autoplay</span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span><br><span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"><</span>button</span> <span class="attr-name token">id</span><span class="attr-value token"><span class="attr-equals punctuation token">=</span><span class="punctuation token">"</span>unmuteButton<span class="punctuation token">"</span></span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span><span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"></</span>button</span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span><br><br><span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"><</span>script</span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span><span class="script token"><span class="language-javascript token"><br> unmuteButton<span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function token">addEventListener</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="string token">'click'</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="keyword token">function</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span><br> video<span class="punctuation token">.</span>muted <span class="operator token">=</span> <span class="boolean token">false</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span><br> <span class="punctuation token">}</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span><br></span></span><span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"></</span>script</span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span></code></pre><p>Events that trigger user activation are still to be defined consistently across browsers. I'd recommend you stick to <code>"click"</code> for the time being then. See <a href="https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/3849">GitHub issue whatwg/html#3849</a>.</p><h3 id="web-audio" tabindex="-1"><a class="heading-link" href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#web-audio" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Web Audio</h3><p>The <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Web_Audio_API">Web Audio API</a> has been covered by autoplay since Chrome 71. There are a few things to know about it. First, it is good practice to wait for a user interaction before starting audio playback so that users are aware of something happening. Think of a "play" button or "on/off" switch for instance. You can also add an "unmute" button depending on the flow of the app.</p><div class="aside aside--note"><p>If an <code>AudioContext</code> is created before the document receives a user gesture, it will be created in the "suspended" state, and you will need to call <code>resume()</code> after the user gesture.</p></div><p>If you create your <code>AudioContext</code> on page load, you'll have to call <code>resume()</code> at some time after the user interacted with the page (e.g., after a user clicks a button). Alternatively, the <code>AudioContext</code> will be resumed after a user gesture if <code>start()</code> is called on any attached node.</p><pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js"><span class="comment token">// Existing code unchanged.</span><br>window<span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function function-variable token">onload</span> <span class="operator token">=</span> <span class="keyword token">function</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span><br> <span class="keyword token">var</span> context <span class="operator token">=</span> <span class="keyword token">new</span> <span class="class-name token">AudioContext</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span><br> <span class="comment token">// Setup all nodes</span><br> <span class="comment token">// ...</span><br><span class="punctuation token">}</span><br><br><span class="comment token">// One-liner to resume playback when user interacted with the page.</span><br>document<span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function token">querySelector</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="string token">'button'</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function token">addEventListener</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="string token">'click'</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="keyword token">function</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span><br> context<span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function token">resume</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function token">then</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span> <span class="operator token">=></span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span><br> console<span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function token">log</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="string token">'Playback resumed successfully'</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span><br> <span class="punctuation token">}</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span><br><span class="punctuation token">}</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span></code></pre><p>You may also create the <code>AudioContext</code> only when the user interacts with the page.</p><pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js">document<span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function token">querySelector</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="string token">'button'</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">.</span><span class="function token">addEventListener</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="string token">'click'</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="keyword token">function</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span><br> <span class="keyword token">var</span> context <span class="operator token">=</span> <span class="keyword token">new</span> <span class="class-name token">AudioContext</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span><br> <span class="comment token">// Setup all nodes</span><br> <span class="comment token">// ...</span><br><span class="punctuation token">}</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span></code></pre><p>To detect whether the browser requires a user interaction to play audio, check <code>AudioContext.state</code> after you've created it. If playing is allowed, it should immediately switch to <code>running</code>. Otherwise it will be <code>suspended</code>. If you listen to the <code>statechange</code> event, you can detect changes asynchronously.</p><p>To see an example, check out the small <a href="https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/airhorn/pull/37">Pull Request</a> that fixes Web Audio playback for these autoplay policy rules for <a href="https://airhorner.com/progressive-web-apps/">https://airhorner.com</a>.</p><div class="aside aside--note"><p>You can find a summary of <a href="https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/audio-video/autoplay">Chrome's autoplay feature</a> on the Chromium site.</p></div></div><div><div class="cluster flow-space-200 gap-top-300"><div><a class="color-secondary-text decoration-none hairline rounded-lg surface tag-pill type--label weight-regular" href="https://developer.chrome.com/tags/autoplay/">Autoplay</a> <a class="color-secondary-text decoration-none hairline rounded-lg surface tag-pill type--label weight-regular" href="https://developer.chrome.com/tags/media/">Media</a></div></div></div><p class="color-secondary-text type--caption">Updated on <time datetime="2021-05-25">Tuesday, May 25, 2021</time> <span>•</span> <a href="https://github.com/GoogleChrome/developer.chrome.com/blob/main/site/en/blog/autoplay/index.md">Improve article </a></p></article><div class="display-none pad-right-400 toc-container xl:display-block"><toc-active class="scrollbar" data-resolved=""><div class="color-secondary-text type--h6">Table of contents</div><div class="toc__wrapper"><ul><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#new-behaviors" toc--active="">New behaviors</a><ul><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#media-engagement-index">Media Engagement Index</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#developer-switches">Developer switches</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#iframe-delegation">Iframe delegation</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#chrome-enterprise-policies">Chrome enterprise policies</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#best-practices-for-web-developers">Best practices for web developers</a><ul><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#audiovideo-elements">Audio/Video elements</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/autoplay/#web-audio">Web Audio</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></toc-active></div></div></div><div class="post-navigation"><div class="post-navigation__prev"><a class="post-navigation__link" href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/chrome-62-deprecations/"> <span class="post-navigation__label">Back</span><p class="post-navigation__title">Deprecations and removals in Chrome 62</p></a></div><div class="post-navigation__next"><a class="post-navigation__link" href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/back-forward-cache/"> <span class="post-navigation__label">Next</span><p 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