Debian12搭建Nextcloud最新版并frp到二级域名

起因：因为台风的原因，要居家办公，但正值公司业务最要紧的时刻，所以需要搭建远程共享，结果发现基于原有的经验，已经难以适应版本更新带来的问题，所以就解决方法，进行了一次重新总结，作为记录，也希望能帮到有类似需求的读者。

关于frp转发 https，请看我的这篇： 利用frps搭建本地自签名https服务的透传_lggirls的博客-CSDN博客

一、平台环境的搭建

1.1.Mariadb数据库的安装。

采用apt命令直接安装就可以是 10.11.3版。主要是对其进行设置，开启数据库通过远程登录进行管理的功能。

apt update
apt install mariadb-server
#安装结束，进行配置
mysql_secure_installation
root@Home:~# mysql -u root
##以下为mysql环境下的操作
mysql> select User, host from mysql.user ;   #查看一下当前的账户信息
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@'%'  IDENTIFIED BY '147258369' ; #设定root可远程登录
mysql> select User, host from mysql.user ; 再查看一下当前的账户信息，增加了一个 root   %
mysql> quit ；
 
### 备注： 单独设置 root@localhost 的秘密
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '147258369';

1.2. nginx稳定版的安装

当前nginx最常用的是1.22版，但稳定版已经发布到1.24了。对于系统没有最前沿要求的，可以继续apt直接装就可以了。要安装最新版，还是要按照官方说明进行前置环境的安装，然后才可以。

###以下命令是在debian12最小化安装环境进行，没有sudo命令，直接以root账户操作的！！！
##先安装一些必要的软件。主要是下载工具，key、验证文件、源地址文件的导入工具等
 apt install curl gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release debian-archive-keyring
 
## 下载key文件，并导入
curl https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | gpg --dearmor | tee /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
 
## 对下载的文件的验证
gpg --dry-run --quiet --no-keyring --import --import-options import-show /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg
 
## 设置稳定版nginx的安装源的地址
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] http://nginx.org/packages/debian `lsb_release -cs` nginx" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
 
## 进行声明，告诉debian11系统，按照我们所设定的安装包来进行安装
echo -e "Package: *\nPin: origin nginx.org\nPin: release o=nginx\nPin-Priority: 900\n"     | tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/99nginx
 
## 真正的安装
apt update
apt install nginx

1.3 安装php-fpm

apt 默认安装即可。主要是安装必须的插件

apt install php-fpm php-gd php-mysql php-curl php-mbstring php-intl php-gmp php-bcmath php-xml php-imagick php-zip

1.4 配置nginx和php

#
    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /usr/share/nginx/nextcloud;
	#fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
	fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php-fpm.sock;  ## 这里使用的是sockt连接方式
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/share/nginx/nextcloud$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
    }

编写info.php

cat info.php

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

二、 Nextcloud的下载和解压缩

这个比较简单。看官网介绍即可

在debian12 中， 我安装的nginx的默认路径是 /usr/share/nginx/html   这里根据配置文件的需要，将nextcloud 直接放在了和html同级别的位置，也是就是 usr/share/nginx/nextcloud

三、配置nextcloud 的nginx虚拟机

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/cloud.conf

##  内容如下  可以从官网关于nginx的设置说明中找到，这里是禁用了ssl，以便后面使用frp


upstream php-handler {
	# server 127.0.0.1:9000;
    server unix:/var/run/php/php-fpm.sock;
}

# Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument
map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
    "" "";
    default "immutable";
}


server {
    listen 34567;  ## 这两段最好修改一下，因为电信运营商会封一些默认的80、8080、21等常用端口
    listen [::]:34567;
    server_name cloud.abcd.com;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens off;

    # Enforce HTTPS
    #  return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
    # }

    #    server {
    #    listen 443      ssl http2;
    #    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    #    server_name cloud.abcd.com;

    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /usr/share/nginx/nextcloud;

    # Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings
    # https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/
    #    ssl_certificate     /etc/ssl/certs/nginx-selfsigned.crt;
    #    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/nginx-selfsigned.key;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    #    server_tokens off;

    # HSTS settings
    # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    # could take several months.
    #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;

    # set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
    client_max_body_size 512M;
    client_body_timeout 300s;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
    # with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
    #pagespeed off;

    # The settings allows you to optimize the HTTP2 bandwitdth.
    # See https://blog.cloudflare.com/delivering-http-2-upload-speed-improvements/
    # for tunning hints
    client_body_buffer_size 512k;

    # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
    add_header Referrer-Policy                   "no-referrer"       always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options            "nosniff"           always;
    add_header X-Download-Options                "noopen"            always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options                   "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none"              always;
    add_header X-Robots-Tag                      "noindex, nofollow" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection                  "1; mode=block"     always;

    # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
    fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

    # Add .mjs as a file extension for javascript
    # Either include it in the default mime.types list
    # or include you can include that list explicitly and add the file extension
    # only for Nextcloud like below:
    include mime.types;
    types {
	    #        text/javascript js mjs;
    }

    # Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri`
    # here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
    # when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
    # on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
    # that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
    # the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
    # to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
    # `/updater`, `/ocm-provider`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
    # `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri`
    # always provides the desired behaviour.
    index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
    location = / {
        if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
            return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
        }
    }

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still
    # access it despite the existence of the regex rule
    # `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests
    # for `/.well-known`.
    location ^~ /.well-known {
        # The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
        # in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.

        location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
        location = /.well-known/caldav  { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }

        location /.well-known/acme-challenge    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
        location /.well-known/pki-validation    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }

        # Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
        # requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
        return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
    }

    # Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/)  { return 404; }
    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console)                { return 404; }

    # Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
    # which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
    # then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php`
    # to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
    location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
        # Required for legacy support
        rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;

        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
        set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;

        try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;

        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;         # Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;     # Enable pretty urls
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;

        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;

        fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
    }

    # Serve static files
    location ~ \.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|png|jpg|ico|wasm|tflite|map)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463, $asset_immutable";
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets

        location ~ \.wasm$ {
            default_type application/wasm;
        }
    }

    location ~ \.woff2?$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        expires 7d;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    }

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
    location /remote {
        return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
    }

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
    }
}

四、下载phpMyadmin，配置数据库

五、输入nextcloud所在的主机ip，进行安装

六、特殊的配置

全新安装的nextcloud时，会出现过一会，安装页面出现错误；静等到一切安装完成,输入地址，却出现404错误的问题；还有在进入登录页面后，在确定密码没有错误的情况下，无法通过web页面登录；登录次数过多后，因防暴力试错破解机制，导致延迟登录。本文将解决这几个问题

0. 修改配置文件，加入可登录系统的ip

 图中有 0～3 共4个ip，注意没有证书的化，手动输入开头 http:// XXXX-ip/ 来确保非加密网页

1. /var/lib/php/session​ 这个文件夹及其中的文件，权限要和 nginx 、php保持一致。

  目前新安装的nginx，默认使用的账户是   www-data

chown -R www-data:www-data /var/lib/php/session​/

 2. http强制转换为https的问题

不知道从哪个版本开始，安装指导和配置文件内，都开始指向 https了，即便没有申请证书，也会指向和强制把http => https  。 修改配置文件，取消这一设定，保持 http就可以了

vim nextcloud/config/config.php

 3. 如果以为自己记错了密码，反复登录，会出现IP受限的问题

 也可以通过修改配置，取消试错保护的功能。 可以登录，问题解决后，再改回来

方法： 如第2步，在配置文件中添加一行：

 'auth.bruteforce.protection.enabled' => false,

七、frp和转发服务器nginx的配置

这一部分可以参考 Nextcloud 结合frp搭建私有网盘_frp nextcloud_lggirls的博客-CSDN博客

 需要注意的是，在之前的这篇中，还没有强制使用https，比较好转发，但现在不行了。

还有关于转发代理的问题，可以参考： 使用frp结合nginx实现对https的反向代理支持_frp+nginx_lggirls的博客-CSDN博客

在本例子中，我们搭建的nextcloud使用的是http协议，在frp和nginx代理后，也是http协议

代理服务器上的配置：

这里的34567 端口，是frps服务器中的virtual_host 的端口 

server {
        listen      80 default_server;  
        listen      [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name cloud.abcd.com;
 
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:34567; 
        }
    }

 八、检查和纠正报警

8.1. 内存低于512M

find / -name 'php.ini'

vim /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

## 搜索 memory_limit, 将memory_limit = 128M, 修改为大于512的值

 8.2  Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15552000......

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test-site.conf


## 将下列内容添加到 ssl_certificate_key 配置项的下一行即可
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains; preload";

8.3  PHP 的安装似乎不正确，无法访问系统环境变量。getenv("PATH") 函数测试返回了一个空值。

vim A
## 内容如下
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/php/bin

cat A >> /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php-fpm.conf

8.4  上传文件小于1024K

解决方法：  vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf      在 http {       } 段落中，增加一句：

client_max_body_size 0;

8.5 您的安装没有设置默认的电话区域。

vim nextcloud/config/config.php
##增加如下内容
  'default_phone_region' => 'CN',

 

 8.6 add_header 引起的错误

在/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 配置文件中添加提示的内容即可 

add_header X-Robots-Tag 'none';
add_header Strict-Transport-Security 'max-age=15552000';
add_header X-Content-Type-Options 'nosniff';
add_header X-Frame-Options 'SAMEORIGIN';
add_header X-Download-Options 'noopen';
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies 'none';
add_header X-XSS-Protection '1;mode=block';
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer";

8.7 /.well-known/....... 错误

## 找到nginx配置文件中的下列部分，没有的仿照例子进行添加

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

location ^~ /.well-known {
        rewrite ^/\.well-known/webfinger        /public.php?service=webfinger       last;
        rewrite ^/\.well-known/nodeinfo         /public.php?service=nodeinfo        last;
        rewrite ^/\.well-known/caldav        /public.php?service=caldav       last;
        rewrite ^/\.well-known/carddav         /public.php?service=carddav        last;
}