Maven Vs Gradle 依赖管理

Both build systems provide built-in capability to resolve dependencies from configurable repositories. Both are able to cache dependencies locally and download them in parallel.

这两个构建系统都提供了解决可配置存储库的依赖性的内置功能。两者都能够在本地缓存依赖项并并行下载它们。

As a library consumer, Maven allows one to override a dependency, but only by version. Gradle provides customizable dependency selection and substitution rules that can be declared once and handle unwanted dependencies project-wide. This substitution mechanism enables Gradle to build multiple source projects together to create composite builds.

作为库使用者，Maven 允许用户覆盖依赖项，但只能覆盖版本。Gradle 提供了可定制的依赖项选择和替换规则，这些规则可以声明一次，并且可以处理项目范围内不需要的依赖项。这种替代机制使 Gradle 能够一起构建多个源项目，从而创建组合构建。

Maven has few, built-in dependency scopes, which forces awkward module architectures in common scenarios like using test fixtures or code generation. There is no separation between unit and integration tests, for example. Gradle allows custom dependency scopes, which provides better-modeled and faster builds.

Maven 很少有内置的依赖范围，这迫使常见场景(如使用测试装置或代码生成)中的模块体系结构出现问题。例如，单元测试和集成测试之间没有分离。Gradle 允许自定义依赖范围，它提供更好的建模和更快的构建。

Maven dependency conflict resolution works with a shortest path, which is impacted by declaration ordering. Gradle does full conflict resolution, selecting the highest version of a dependency found in the graph. In addition, with Gradle you can declare versions as strictly which allows them to take precedence over transitive versions, allowing to downgrade a dependency.

Maven 依赖冲突解决方案使用最短路径，该路径受声明顺序的影响。Gradle 完全解决冲突，选择图中依赖关系的最高版本。此外，使用 Gradle，您可以严格声明版本，这使得它们优先于传递版本，从而降低依赖关系的等级。

As a library producer, Gradle allows producers to declare `api` and `implementation` dependencies to prevent unwanted libraries from leaking into the classpaths of consumers. Maven allows publishers to provide metadata through optional dependencies, but as documentation only. Gradle fully supports feature variants and optional dependencies.

作为一个库生产者，Gradle 允许生产者声明“ api”和“implementation”依赖关系，以防止不需要的库泄露到消费者的类路径中。Maven 允许发布者通过可选的依赖关系提供元数据，但只能作为文档。Gradle 完全支持特性变体和可选的依赖关系。

参考：

Gradle | Gradle vs Maven Comparison