307. 区域和检索 - 数组可修改

题目链接：力扣

思路：树状数组的单点更新，区间求和。不懂树状数组的可以去网上学习。单点更新和区间求和的时候需要注意一下，因为树状数组是从1开始的，所以单点更新的时候需要更新的位置为 index+1 ，区间求和的时候需要 right + 1 减 left（这个地方大家自己思考一下，还是不懂的可以在评论区指出哦~~~）

上代码：

class NumArray(nums: IntArray) {
    private val c = IntArray(nums.size + 1)
    private var mNums = IntArray(nums.size)

    init {
        mNums = nums
        for (i in nums.indices) {
            buildTree(i + 1, nums[i])
        }
    }

    fun update(index: Int, `val`: Int) {
        buildTree(index + 1, `val` - mNums[index])
        mNums[index] = `val`
    }

    fun sumRange(left: Int, right: Int): Int {
        return getSum(right + 1) - getSum(left)
    }

    private fun buildTree(index: Int, `val`: Int) {
        var mIndex = index
        while (mIndex < c.size) {
            c[mIndex] += `val`
            mIndex += lowbit(mIndex)
        }
    }

    private fun getSum(index: Int): Int {
        var mIndex = index
        var result = 0
        while (mIndex > 0) {
            result += c[mIndex]
            mIndex -= lowbit(mIndex)
        }
        return result
    }

    private fun lowbit(x: Int): Int {
        return x and -x
    }

}

/**
 * Your NumArray object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * var obj = NumArray(nums)
 * obj.update(index,`val`)
 * var param_2 = obj.sumRange(left,right)
 */