RPC
RPC(Remote Procedure Call Protocol),远程过程调用协议,它是一种通过网络从远程计算机应用行请求服务,而不需要了解底层网络技术的协议。该协议允许一台计算机的程序调用另一台计算机的子程序。
RPC请求流程
影响RPC框架性能的两个因素
- 通信:能否在多个服务器之间快速建立连接
- 序列化:序列化和反序列化的速度
Apache Dubbo
Apache Dubbo 是一款高性能Java RPC框架。
- 具有如下特征:
- 面向接口代理的高性能RPC调用
- 智能负载均衡
- 服务自动注册与发现
- 高度可拓展能力
- 运行期流量调度
- 可视化的服务治理和运维
- 设计架构
- Container: 服务容器
- Provider: 服务提供者
- Registry: 注册中心
- Consumer: 服务消费者
实践
项目是基于Maven的聚合结构,两个子项目使用SpringBoot框架,版本2.0.1.RELEASE
- 在Idea中新建一个空的Maven项目,并加入所需依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbotest</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>DubboTest</name>
<description>Apache Dubbo Test Project</description>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<jdk.version>1.8</jdk.version>
<spring.boot.version>2.0.1.RELEASE</spring.boot.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<dubbo.version>2.7.3</dubbo.version>
<assembly.attach>false</assembly.attach>
<assembly.skip>false</assembly.skip>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Apache Dubbo -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-bom</artifactId>
<version>${dubbo.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>${dubbo.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- Dubbo Spring Boot Starter -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.7.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.7.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.4.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-recipes</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!--模块管理-->
<modules>
<module>provider</module>
<module>consumer</module>
</modules>
<!--打包插件-->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<classifier>exec</classifier>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- 新建子项目
provider
,并添加接口DemoService.class
public interface DemoService {
/**
* @return String
*/
String sayHello();
}
在实现这个接口
@Slf4j
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
public String sayHello() {
String ip = "20881";
log.info("IP:{}", ip);
return ip;
}
}
最重要的是加入Dubbo的配置,这里基于XML文件配置,也可以通过Java代码配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo
http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<!-- 生产者应用信息,用于计算依赖关系 -->
<dubbo:application name="dubbo-test-provider"/>
<!-- 指定注册中兴地址 -->
<dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="localhost:2181"/>
<!-- 用dubbo协议在20881端口暴露服务 -->
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20881"/>
<!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 -->
<dubbo:service interface="com.lhc.dubbo.provider.service.DemoService" ref="demoService" loadbalance="random"/>
<!-- 接口实现 -->
<bean id="demoService" class="com.lhc.dubbo.provider.service.impl.DemoServiceImpl"/>
</beans>
- 新建子项目
consumer
,并调用provider
中暴露的接口
package com.lhc.dubbo.consumer.controller;
import com.lhc.dubbo.provider.service.DemoService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @ProjectName: dubbotest
* @Package: com.lhc.dubbo.consumer.controller
* @ClassName: TestController
* @Author: lhc
* @Description: TODO
* @Date: 2020/1/2 下午 02:46
*/
@RestController
public class TestController {
@Autowired
private DemoService demoService;
@GetMapping(value = "getMenthod")
public String getMenthod() {
return demoService.sayHello();
}
}
consumer
项目的Dubbo配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo
http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<!-- 消费方应用名,用于计算依赖关系-->
<dubbo:application name="dubbo-test-consumer"/>
<!-- 使向注册中心暴露发现服务地址 -->
<dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="localhost:2181" check="false"/>
<!-- 生成远程服务代理,可以和本地bean一样使用demoService -->
<dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="com.lhc.dubbo.provider.service.DemoService" loadbalance="random"/>
</beans>
-
将两个子项目打包部署到服务器,这里注册中心使用zookeeper,也可以使用Nacos;
- 首先启动注册中心;
- 再启动服务提供者
- 再启动服务消费者
-
也可以加入监控中心,我使用了dubbo-monitor-simple,修改配置文件即可使用
负载均衡
Dubbo目前支持4中负载均衡策略,本项目使用Random LoadBalance
- Random LoadBalance:随机,按权重设置随机概率。
- RoundRobin LoadBalance:轮询,按公约后的权重设置轮询比率
- LeastActive LoadBalance: 最少活跃调用数,相同活跃数的随机,活跃数指调用前后计数差
- ConsistentHash LoadBalance: 一致性 Hash,相同参数的请求总是发到同一提供者
参考文章:
代码:https://download.csdn.net/download/lhc_makefunny/12087133
如有错误欢迎指正