inux mount一个硬盘

在linux下加载一块硬盘从总体上分为以下几个步骤：

1、用fdisk对硬盘进行分区

2、用mkfs.ext3对硬盘进行格式化

3、建立一个挂接目录（如果需要挂接到已存在的目录，此步骤可以省略）

4、用mount将该分区挂接到指定的目录

5、如果想实现启动时自动挂接，那么还需要修改fstab文件

具体操作如下：

[root@redhad ~]# fdisk -l   --查看硬盘分区信息

Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1        3661    29406951   83  Linux
/dev/sda2            3662        3915     2040255   82  Linux swap

Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes --可以看到有一块空闲的硬盘还未分区
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table 
[root@redhad ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb   --使用fdisk工具对sdb进行分区
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): m  --列出fdisk工具的参数
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
  n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n  --输入“n”增加一个分区
Command action    --选择是建立主分区还是扩展分区
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p    --输入“p”建立主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1  --输入分区号
First cylinder (1-130, default 1): 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-130, default 130): 130

Command (m for help): w --写入分区表并退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks. 
[root@redhad ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 --将新建立的分区进行格式化
mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
130560 inodes, 261048 blocks
13052 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16320 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Writing inode tables: done                           
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@redhad ~]# mkdir /newdisk--建立一个新的挂接目录
[root@redhad ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /newdisk   --将sdb1挂接到/newdisk下
[root@redhad ~]# df -lh --查看目前硬盘空闲，新建硬盘已经成功挂接
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1              28G  2.4G   24G   9% /
none                  506M     0  506M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1            1004M   18M  936M   2% /newdisk

到此为止，我们的新硬盘已经加载成功了，但是这里有一个问题，一旦我们重新启动系统，还需要用mount命令重新挂接才能访问新硬盘，如果我需要挂接的工作在系统启动过程中完成，那么我需要用vi配置/etc/fstab文件,将/dev/sdb1  /newdisk   ext3  defaults    1 1 添加到/etc/fstab的最后，然后重新启动系统即可。