Java--------------------XML

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-17 09:38:15 发布

lhjava1234

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-17 09:38:15 发布

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文章标签： java xml servlet

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lhjava1234/article/details/126428434

版权

一，xml简介

XML（EXtensible Markup Language）：可扩展标记语言XML 是一种很像HTML的标记语言。

XML 的设计宗旨是传输数据，而不是显示数据。

XML 标签没有被预定义。您需要自行定义标签。

XML 是 W3C 的推荐标准。

XML 和 HTML 之间的差异

XML 和 HTML 为不同的目的而设计：XML 被设计用来传输和存储数据，其焦点是数据的内容。

HTML 被设计用来显示数据，其焦点是数据的外观。

文档结构：

每个XML文档有且只有一个根元素。

根元素的特点如下：

根元素是一个完全包括文档中其他所有元素的元素。

根元素的开始标签要放在所有其他元素的开始标签之前。

根元素的结束标签要放在所有其他元素的结束标签之后

特殊字符：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<members>
    <member>
        <name>王者荣耀</name>
        <vip>vip1000</vip>
        <passward>000000</passward>
        <jifen>1000</jifen>
    </member>

    <member>
        <name>王者荣耀</name>
        <vip>vip1000</vip>
        <passward>000000</passward>
        <jifen>1000</jifen>
    </member>
</members>

二，解析xml

DOM解析

org.w3c.dom包中的常用接口

Document接口：Document对象代表整个XML文档，它也是对XML文档进行操作的

点Document接口继承自Node接口

常用方法：

NodeList接口：包含了一个或者多个节点的列表。

Element接口：代表XML文档中的标签元素。

Element接口继承自Node,也是Node最主要的子对象。在标签中可以包含属性。

DOM读取XML的步骤

1.创建解析器工厂对象（DocumentBuilderFactory）。

2.由解析器工厂对象创建解析器对象（DocumentBuilder）。

3.由解析器对象对指定XML文件进行解析，构建相应DOM树,创建Document对象。

4.以Document对象为起点对DOM树的节点进行增删改查操作使用

使用DOM保存XML文档

1.创建转换器工厂对象（TransformerFactory）。

2.由转换器工厂对象创建转换器对象（Transformer）。

3.创建DOMSource对象（DOMSource）。

4.由转换器对象设置输出格式（setOutputProperty方法）。

5.创建StreamResult对象（包含保存文件的信息）。

6.将XML保存到指定文件中（transform方法）。

例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<members>
    <member>
        <name>王者荣耀</name>
        <vip>vip1000</vip>
        <passward>000000</passward>
        <jifen>1000</jifen>
    </member>

    <member>
        <name>王者荣耀</name>
        <vip>vip1000</vip>
        <passward>000000</passward>
        <jifen>1000</jifen>
    </member>
</members>

package com.bdqn.lianxi.xml;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Book {
    private int id;

    private String author;

    private String titile;

    private String description;

}

package com.bdqn.lianxi.xml;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;


public class DomUtil {

    public static Document createDocument(String path){
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder builder = null;
        Document document = null;
        try {
            builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
            File file = new File(path);
            document = builder.parse(file);
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.err.println("文件不存在");
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return document;
    }


    public static void saveXml(Node node, String path){
        TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        Transformer transformer = null;
        try {
            transformer = factory.newTransformer();
        } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(node);
        StreamResult streamResult = new StreamResult(path);
        try {
            transformer.transform(domSource,streamResult);
        } catch (TransformerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

package com.bdqn.lianxi.xml;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


public class BookDao {
    private List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<>();

    private static final String PATH = "day01\\zsgc.xml";

    public void load(){
        Document document = DomUtil.createDocument(PATH);
        NodeList nodeList = document.getElementsByTagName("book");
        Book book = null;
        for(int i=0;i<nodeList.getLength();i++){
            book = new Book();
            Node node = nodeList.item(i);
            Element element = (Element)node;
            int id = Integer.parseInt(element.getAttribute("id"));
            book.setId(id);
            NodeList childNodeList = node.getChildNodes();
            for(int j = 0;j<childNodeList.getLength();j++){
                Node childNode = childNodeList.item(j);
                String nodeName = childNode.getNodeName();
                if("author".equals(nodeName)){
                    book.setAuthor(childNode.getTextContent());
                }else if("title".equals(nodeName)){
                    book.setTitile(childNode.getTextContent());
                }else if("description".equals(nodeName)){
                    book.setDescription(childNode.getTextContent());
                }
            }
            bookList.add(book);
        }
    }

    public void print(){
        if(bookList!=null && !bookList.isEmpty()){
            System.out.println("序号\t\t书名\t\t作者\t\t简介");
            bookList.forEach(book -> {
                System.out.println(book.getId()+"\t\t"+book.getTitile()+
                        "\t\t"+book.getAuthor()+"\t\t"+book.getDescription());
            });
        }
    }


    public void add(Book book){
        Document document = DomUtil.createDocument(PATH);
        Element element = document.createElement("book");
        element.setAttribute("id",String.valueOf(book.getId()));

        Element author = document.createElement("author");
        author.setTextContent(book.getAuthor());
        Element title = document.createElement("title");
        title.setTextContent(book.getTitile());
        Element description = document.createElement("description");
        description.setTextContent(book.getDescription());

        element.appendChild(author);
        element.appendChild(title);
        element.appendChild(description);

        Element root = document.getDocumentElement();
        root.appendChild(element);

        DomUtil.saveXml(root,PATH);
    }

    public void modify(){
        Document document = DomUtil.createDocument(PATH);
        NodeList nodeList = document.getElementsByTagName("book");
        Book book = null;
        for(int i=0;i<nodeList.getLength();i++){
            Node node = nodeList.item(i);
            Element element = (Element)node;
            int id = Integer.parseInt(element.getAttribute("id"));
            if(id==101){
                NodeList childNodeList = node.getChildNodes();
                for(int j = 0;j<childNodeList.getLength();j++){
                    Node childNode = childNodeList.item(j);
                    String nodeName = childNode.getNodeName();
                    if("author".equals(nodeName)){
                        childNode.setTextContent("李刚");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        DomUtil.saveXml(document.getDocumentElement(),PATH);
    }


    public void delete(){
        Document document = DomUtil.createDocument(PATH);
        NodeList nodeList = document.getElementsByTagName("book");
        Book book = null;
        for(int i=0;i<nodeList.getLength();i++){
            Node node = nodeList.item(i);
            Element element = (Element)node;
            int id = Integer.parseInt(element.getAttribute("id"));
            if(id == 103){
                document.getDocumentElement().removeChild(element);
            }
        }
        DomUtil.saveXml(document.getDocumentElement(),PATH);
    }
}

package com.bdqn.lianxi.xml;


public class TestBook {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();
        bookDao.delete();
        bookDao.load();
        bookDao.print();

       /* Book book = new Book();
        book.setId(103);
        book.setAuthor("路遥");
        book.setTitile("平凡的世界");
        book.setDescription("讲述孙少平和孙少安的故事");
        bookDao.add(book);*/

        //bookDao.modify();


    }
}

DOM4j解析

需要一个导入一个jar包

@Data
public class Book {
    private String id;

    private String author;

    private String titile;

    private String description;

}

public class BookDao {

    private List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<>();

    public void showInfo(){
        Document document = DomUtil.createDocument();
        Element books = document.getRootElement();
        Iterator rootIte = books.elementIterator();
        Book book = null;
        while (rootIte.hasNext()){
            book = new Book();
            Element bookEle = (Element) rootIte.next();
            book.setId(bookEle.attributeValue("id"));
            Iterator childIte = bookEle.elementIterator();
            while (childIte.hasNext()){
                Element childEle = (Element) childIte.next();
                String eleName = childEle.getName();
                switch (eleName){
                    case "author":
                        book.setAuthor(childEle.getText());
                        break;
                    case "title":
                        book.setTitile(childEle.getText());
                        break;
                    case "description":
                        book.setDescription(childEle.getText());
                        break;
                }
            }
            bookList.add(book);
        }
    }

    public void print(){
        showInfo();
        if(bookList!=null && !bookList.isEmpty()){
            bookList.forEach(book -> {
                System.out.println(book);
            });
        }
    }

    public void add(){
        Document document = DomUtil.createDocument();

        Element books = document.getRootElement();

        Element book = books.addElement("book");
        book.addAttribute("id","103");

        Element author = book.addElement("author");
        author.setText("刘慈欣");
        Element title = book.addElement("title");
        title.setText("三体");
        Element description = book.addElement("description");
        description.setText("消灭人类暴政，世界属于三体");


        try {
            DomUtil.save(document,"books-bak.xml");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }



    public void update(){
        Document document = DomUtil.createDocument();
        Element books = document.getRootElement();
        Iterator rootIte = books.elementIterator();
        while (rootIte.hasNext()){
            Element bookEle = (Element) rootIte.next();
            Iterator childIte = bookEle.elementIterator();
            String id = bookEle.attributeValue("id");
            if("101".equals(id)){
                while (childIte.hasNext()){
                    Element childEle = (Element) childIte.next();
                    String eleName = childEle.getName();
                    if("author".equals(eleName)){
                        childEle.setText("老张");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        try {
            DomUtil.save(document,"books-update.xml");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


    public void delete(){
        Document document = DomUtil.createDocument();
        Element books = document.getRootElement();
        Iterator rootIte = books.elementIterator();
        while (rootIte.hasNext()){
            Element bookEle = (Element) rootIte.next();
            String id = bookEle.attributeValue("id");
            if("102".equals(id)){
                bookEle.getParent().remove(bookEle);
            }
        }

        try {
            DomUtil.save(document,"books-delete.xml");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

public class DomUtil {

    public static Document createDocument(){
        SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
        Document document = null;
        try {
            document = saxReader.read(new File("books.xml"));
        } catch (DocumentException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return document;
    }

    public static void save(Document document,String path) throws IOException {
        OutputFormat outputFormat = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
        outputFormat.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        XMLWriter xmlWriter = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter(path),outputFormat);
        xmlWriter.write(document);
        xmlWriter.close();
    }
}

public class TestBook {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();
        //bookDao.showInfo();
        //bookDao.print();
        //bookDao.add();
        //bookDao.update();
        bookDao.delete();
    }
}