今天要用java调用一个同事写的.net的webService的一个方法,这个方法会返回文件的二进制字符串内容。他使用的方法如下所示:
Convert.ToBase64String((byte[])dr["attachment"]);
我这边用java获得的二进制字符串内容要转成byte[]类型才能用IO操作保存到文件中,但是如果只是用得到的字符串简单的使用下面的方法转成byte[]的话,是错误 的。
byte[] content = element.getAttributeValue("content").getBytes();
因为以上的代码没有对获得二进制字符串进行解码,因此使用上面的代码保存的文件是错误的。
有两种方法可以对上面获得二进制内容进行解码:
一、使用sun.misc.BASE64Decoder
要使用sun.misc.BASE64Decoder对二进制字符串进行解码,这个类在jdk的rt.jar包里面。其内容如下所示:
/*
* Copyright 1995-2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation. Sun designates this
* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
* by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
* CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
* have any questions.
*/
package sun.misc;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PushbackInputStream;
import sun.misc.CEFormatException;
import sun.misc.CEStreamExhausted;
import sun.misc.CharacterDecoder;
import sun.misc.CharacterEncoder;
/**
* This class implements a BASE64 Character decoder as specified in RFC1521.
*
* This RFC is part of the MIME specification which is published by the Internet
* Engineering Task Force (IETF). Unlike some other encoding schemes there is
* nothing in this encoding that tells the decoder where a buffer starts or
* stops, so to use it you will need to isolate your encoded data into a single
* chunk and then feed them this decoder. The simplest way to do that is to read
* all of the encoded data into a string and then use:
*
* <pre>
* byte mydata[];
* BASE64Decoder base64 = new BASE64Decoder();
*
* mydata = base64.decodeBuffer(bufferString);
* </pre>
*
* This will decode the String in <i>bufferString</i> and give you an array of
* bytes in the array <i>myData</i>.
*
* On errors, this class throws a CEFormatException with the following detail
* strings:
*
* <pre>
* "BASE64Decoder: Not enough bytes for an atom."
* </pre>
*
* @author Chuck McManis
* @see CharacterEncoder
* @see BASE64Decoder
*/
public class BASE64Decoder extends CharacterDecoder {
/** This class has 4 bytes per atom */
protected int bytesPerAtom() {
return (4);
}
/** Any multiple of 4 will do, 72 might be common */
protected int bytesPerLine() {
return (72);
}
/**
* This character array provides the character to value map based on
* RFC1521.
*/
private final static char pem_array[] = {
// 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', // 0
'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', // 1
'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', // 2
'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', // 3
'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', // 4
'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', // 5
'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', // 6
'4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/' // 7
};
private final static byte pem_convert_array[] = new byte[256];
static {
for (int i = 0; i < 255; i++) {
pem_convert_array[i] = -1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < pem_array.length; i++) {
pem_convert_array[pem_array[i]] = (byte) i;
}
}
byte decode_buffer[] = new byte[4];
/**
* Decode one BASE64 atom into 1, 2, or 3 bytes of data.
*/
protected void decodeAtom(PushbackInputStream inStream,
OutputStream outStream, int rem) throws java.io.IOException {
int i;
byte a = -1, b = -1, c = -1, d = -1;
if (rem < 2) {
throw new CEFormatException(
"BASE64Decoder: Not enough bytes for an atom.");
}
do {
i = inStream.read();
if (i == -1) {
throw new CEStreamExhausted();
}
} while (i == '\n' || i == '\r');
decode_buffer[0] = (byte) i;
i = readFully(inStream, decode_buffer, 1, rem - 1);
if (i == -1) {
throw new CEStreamExhausted();
}
if (rem > 3 && decode_buffer[3] == '=') {
rem = 3;
}
if (rem > 2 && decode_buffer[2] == '=') {
rem = 2;
}
switch (rem) {
case 4:
d = pem_convert_array[decode_buffer[3] & 0xff];
// NOBREAK
case 3:
c = pem_convert_array[decode_buffer[2] & 0xff];
// NOBREAK
case 2:
b = pem_convert_array[decode_buffer[1] & 0xff];
a = pem_convert_array[decode_buffer[0] & 0xff];
break;
}
switch (rem) {
case 2:
outStream.write((byte) (((a << 2) & 0xfc) | ((b >>> 4) & 3)));
break;
case 3:
outStream.write((byte) (((a << 2) & 0xfc) | ((b >>> 4) & 3)));
outStream.write((byte) (((b << 4) & 0xf0) | ((c >>> 2) & 0xf)));
break;
case 4:
outStream.write((byte) (((a << 2) & 0xfc) | ((b >>> 4) & 3)));
outStream.write((byte) (((b << 4) & 0xf0) | ((c >>> 2) & 0xf)));
outStream.write((byte) (((c << 6) & 0xc0) | (d & 0x3f)));
break;
}
return;
}
}
在使用的时候只要使用以下代码就可以将二进制字符串解码为byte[]:
public byte[] getContent(String binaryData){
BASE64Decoder base64 = new BASE64Decoder();
byte[] byteContent = base64.decodeBuffer(binaryData);
return byteContent;
}
解码之后使用IO的操作方法就可以把二进制内容保存为文件:
/**
* 将数据写入文件
* @param data byte[]
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void writeFile(byte[] data,String filename){
try{
File file =new File(filename);
BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream=new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
bufferedOutputStream.write(data);
bufferedOutputStream.flush();
bufferedOutputStream.close();
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
二、使用apache的commons-codec 项目。
因为上面的sun.misc.BASE64Decoder在jdk的rt.jar包中,对于没有安装jdk,只安装了jre的环境来说使用不方便。所以笔者倾向于使用apache的commons-codec项目。
在使用的时候只要使用以下代码就可以将二进制字符串解码为byte[]:
public byte[] getContent(String binaryData){
Base64 base64 = new Base64();
byte[] byteContent = base64.decode(binaryData);
return byteContent;
}
解码之后使用IO的操作方法就可以把二进制内容保存为文件:
/**
* 将数据写入文件
* @param data byte[]
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void writeFile(byte[] data,String filename){
try{
File file =new File(filename);
BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream=new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
bufferedOutputStream.write(data);
bufferedOutputStream.flush();
bufferedOutputStream.close();
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}