1. copy()
copy()用来复制列表或字典里的值
,而不是复制它们的引用。但是copy()只能复制单纯的、不包含子列表的列表。
a=[1,2,3]
copyList=a.copy()
print("After copying...","a=",a,"copyList=",copyList)
a[0]=4
print("After changing...","a=",a,"copyList=",copyList)
#输出
After copying... a= [1, 2, 3] copyList= [1, 2, 3]
After changing... a= [4, 2, 3] copyList= [1, 2, 3]
可见,此时a与copyList就是两个不同的列表。因为copy()函数只让copyList复制了a中的值
,所以a与copyList互不影响
。
2. deepcopy()
deepcopy()可以复制的列表里包含子列表,但copy()不可以。
import copy
a=[1,2,3]
deepCopyList=copy.deepcopy(a) #首先要导入copy,只能使用copy来调用deepcopy(list)
print("After copying...","a=",a,"deepCopyList=",deepCopyList)
a[0]=4
print("After changing...","a=",a,"deepCopyList=",deepCopyList)
#输出
After copying... a= [1, 2, 3] deepCopyList= [1, 2, 3]
After changing... a= [4, 2, 3] deepCopyList= [1, 2, 3]
在该形式的列表下,deepcopy()与copy()的方法相同。
下面介绍不同的地方:
import copy
a=[1,2,[3,4]]
copyList=a.copy()
deepCopyList=copy.deepcopy(a)
print("After copying...","a=",a,"copyList=",copyList,"deepCopyList=",deepCopyList)
a[2][0]=5
print("After changing...","a=",a,"copyList=",copyList,"deepCopyList=",deepCopyList)
#输出
After copying... a= [1, 2, [3, 4]] copyList= [1, 2, [3, 4]] deepCopyList= [1, 2, [3, 4]]
After changing... a= [1, 2, [5, 4]] copyList= [1, 2, [5, 4]] deepCopyList= [1, 2, [3, 4]]
在上述代码中,列表a改变,列表copyList也发生了改变,但是列表deepCopyList并没有发生改变。列表copyList只拷贝了单层列表,而列表deepCopyList拷贝了嵌套的列表。