当两个实体之间不止一种关系的时候,可以使用InverseProperty特性,为了理解InverseProperty特性我们来做一个例子:
1.创建一个控制台应用程序,安装好EF:
2.创建Course类:
public class Course
{
public int CourseId { get; set; }
public string CourseName { get; set; }
public string Description { get; set; }
public Teacher OnlineTeacher { get; set; }
}
3.创建Teacher类:
public class Teacher
{
public int TeacherId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public ICollection<Course> OnlineCourses { get; set; }
}
上面的代码例子中,Course和Teacher实体之间是一对多的关系,一个Teacher可以教很多的Online Course。
3.创建上下文类:
public class EFDbContext:DbContext
{
public EFDbContext()
: base("name=Constr")
{ }
public DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }
public DbSet<Teacher> Teachers { get; set; }
}
4.SQL链接字符串:
<!--SQL链接字符串-->
<connectionStrings>
<add name="Constr" connectionString="Server=.;Database=EFAnnotationInversePropertyDB;uid=sa;pwd=Password_1" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
</connectionStrings>
5.测试代码:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
using (var db = new EFDbContext())
{
List<Course> lstModel = db.Courses.ToList();
}
Console.WriteLine("success");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
6.运行程序:
可以看到,根据默认的约定,生成的数据库如下:
现在假设Course和Teacher实体之间,还有一个一对多的关系:
Course类:
public class Course
{
public int CourseId { get; set; }
public string CourseName { get; set; }
public string Description { get; set; }
public Teacher OnlineTeacher { get; set; }
public Teacher ClassRoomTeacher { get; set; }
}
Teacher类:
public class Teacher
{
public int TeacherId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public ICollection<Course> OnlineCourses { get; set; }
public ICollection<Course> www.tiaotiaoylzc.com ClassRoomCourses { get; set; }
}
在上面代码例子中,Course和Teacher实体有两个一对多的关系。一门课程可以被一个Online Teacher教,也可以被一个class-room Teacher教。同样一个教师可以教多个Online Course,也可以教多个class-room Course.
删掉之前生成的数据库后,我们运行一下程序:
看看生成的数据库:
看到,EF为我们在Course表中,生成了4个外键。为了解决这个问题,我们使用InverseProperty特性。修改一下Teacher类的代码:
Teacher类:
public class Teacher
{
public int TeacherId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
[InverseProperty("OnlineTeacher")]
public ICollection<Course> OnlineCourses { get; set; }
[InverseProperty("ClassRoomTeacher")]
public ICollection<Course> ClassRoomCourses { get; set; }
}
Course类:
public class Course
{
public int CourseId { get; set; }
public string CourseName { get; set; }
public string Description { get; set; }
public Teacher OnlineTeacher { get; set; }
public Teacher ClassRoomTeacher { get; set; }
}
在上面的例子中,InverseProperty特性应用在两个集合类型的导航属性OnlineCourses和ClassRoomCourses上,然后指定它们在Course实体中的相关联的导航属性,所以现在EF就能分辨出来相应的外键。EF 6将创建两个外键:OnlineTeacher_TeacherId和ClassRoomTeacher_TeacherId。对于EF Core将会创建OnlineTeacherTeacherId和ClassRoomTeacherTeacherId两个外键。
然后在删除数据库,重新运行一下程序:
看一下生成的数据库:
可以看到现在生成的数据库就是正确的了。
进一步配置,你可以使用ForeignKey特性来配置外键名称:
Course类:
public class Course
{
public int CourseId { get; set; }
public string CourseName { get; set; }
public string Description {www.yongshiyule178.com get; set; }
[ForeignKey("OnlineTeacher")]
public int OnlineTeacherId { get; set; }
public Teacher OnlineTeacher { get; set; }
[ForeignKey("ClassRoomTeacher"www.zhongyiyul.cn)]
public int ClassRoomTeacherId {www.jrgjze.com get; set; }
public Teacher ClassRoomTeacher { get; set; }
}
Teacher类:
public class Teacher
{
public int TeacherId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; www.yunshengyule178.com set; }
[InverseProperty("OnlineTeacher")]
public ICollection<Course> OnlineCourses { get; set; }
[InverseProperty("ClassRoomTeacher")www.qwert888.com/]
public ICollection<Course> ClassRoomCourses { get; set; }
}
上面代码中,我们在Corse类中添加两个属性列,配置外键,现在删除数据库,重新运行一下:
看到报错了,我们修改一下Course类:
Course类最终代码:
public class Course
{
public int CourseId { get; set; }
public string CourseName { get; set; }
public string Description { get; set; }
[ForeignKey("OnlineTeacher")]
public int? OnlineTeacherId { get; set; }
public Teacher OnlineTeacher { get; set; }
[ForeignKey("ClassRoomTeacher")]
public int? ClassRoomTeacherId { get; set; }
public Teacher ClassRoomTeacher { get; set; }
}
重新运行程序:可以看到成功了。
我们看看最终生成的数据库:
可以看到生成的外键列就是我们自己自定义的名称了。
综上所述:当两个实体间有多个关系的时候,你可以使用InverseProperty 特性和ForeignKey 特性来配置实体。
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