在一个应用程序，如何监测一个service内部的数据的变化

在一个应用程序中，我们除了想要使MainActivity中的数据可以传到service中外，我们还可能需要监测service内部的数据的变化。那么我们就可以通过接口回调的方法来达到这个目的。我们先来看一下这个程序的框架，也就是framework.接下来我们来看一下MainActivity中的具体的内容。MainActivity程序中的内容如下：
package com.example.myapplication;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton;
import android.support.design.widget.Snackbar;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

/*主线程的UI不允许被其它的线程直接修改，可以通过handle来进行修改。注意这里还需要实现相关的接口
ServiceConnection，bindService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class), MainActivity.this, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);这是要注意的。还需要注意的一点是，如果我们需要改变主线程中UI中的内容，那么我们可以通过handler来做，否则很可能就会出现错误。*/

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements ServiceConnection {


    private TextView tv;
    private EditText et;
    private Button btn1;
    private Button btn2;
    private Button btn3;
    private Button btn4;
    private MyService.MyBinder binder;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        init();
        setListener();
        Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

        FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fab);
        fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Snackbar.make(view, "Replace with your own action", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG)
                        .setAction("Action", null).show();
            }
        });
    }

    public void setListener() {
        btn1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class);
                intent.putExtra("data", et.getText().toString());
                startService(intent);
            }
        });


        btn2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                stopService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class));
            }
        });

        btn3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                bindService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class), MainActivity.this, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
            }
        });


        btn4.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                unbindService(MainActivity.this);

            }
        });




    }

    public void init() {
        tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv);
        et = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et);
        btn1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
        btn2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn2);
        btn3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn3);
        btn4 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn4);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    @Override
    public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
        binder = (MyService.MyBinder) service;
        binder.setStr(et.getText().toString());
        MyService myService = (MyService) binder.getService();
        /*注意这里是setCallBack,而不是getCallBack*/
        myService.setCallBack(new CallBack() {
            @Override
            public void onChangeData(String string) {
                Message message=new Message();
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putString("data", string);
                message.setData(bundle);
                handler.sendMessage(message);
            }
        });

    }

    @Override
    public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {

    }

    private Handler handler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            String str = msg.getData().getString("data");
            tv.setText(str);
        }
    };
}
接下来我们来看一个MyService中的内容：
package com.example.myapplication;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyService extends Service {
    private CallBack callBack=null;
    boolean isRunning=false;
    private String str = "默认信息";
    public MyService() {
    }

    public void setCallBack(CallBack callBack) {
        this.callBack = callBack;
    }

    public CallBack getCallBack() {
        return callBack;
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
        return new MyBinder();
//        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
    }
/*如果是通过startservice来进行启动的话，那么这个方法中的intent参数就可以和mainActivity进行数据的交互了
* */
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        str = intent.getStringExtra("data");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);


    }
/*注意这里的线程的应用写错了，判断条件应该是在run里面的，否则的话，就会出错。*/
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        isRunning=true;
            new Thread() {
                int i=0;
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    while (isRunning) {
                        i++;
                        String s=i+str;
                        Log.v("str-->", i + str);
                        if (callBack!=null) {
                            callBack.onChangeData(s);
                        }
                        try {
                            Thread.currentThread().sleep(1000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }.start();



    }


    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        isRunning=false;
    }

//自定义一个Binder类的对象
    class MyBinder extends Binder{
        public void setStr(String s){
            str=s;

        }

        public Service getService(){
            return MyService.this;
        }
    }
}

最后我们还需要定义好一个接口：
package com.example.myapplication;

/**
 * Created by 李果 on 2016/7/9.
 */
public interface CallBack {
    void onChangeData(String string);
}

最后我们来看一下这个应用程序的界面如下：