多线程，线程池，使用CompletionService通过Future来处理Callable的返回

1. 背景

在Java5的多线程中，可以使用Callable接口来实现具有返回值的线程。使用线程池的submit方法提交Callable任务，利用submit方法返回的Future存根，调用此存根的get方法来获取整个线程池中所有任务的运行结果。

方法一：如果是自己写代码，应该是自己维护一个Collection保存submit方法返回的Future存根，然后在主线程中遍历这个Collection并调用Future存根的get()方法取到线程的返回值。

方法二：使用CompletionService类，它整合了Executor和BlockingQueue的功能。你可以将Callable任务提交给它去执行，然后使用类似于队列中的take方法获取线程的返回值。

2.实现代码

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorCompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

public class ThreadPoolTest4 {
    // 具有返回值的测试线程
    class MyThread implements Callable<String> {
        private String name;
        public MyThread(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        @Override
        public String call() {
            int sleepTime = new Random().nextInt(1000);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            // 返回给调用者的值
            String str = name + " sleep time:" + sleepTime;
            System.out.println(name + " finished...");

            return str;
        }
    }

    private final int POOL_SIZE = 5;
    private final int TOTAL_TASK = 20;

    // 方法一，自己写集合来实现获取线程池中任务的返回结果
    public void testByQueue() throws Exception {
        // 创建线程池
        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(POOL_SIZE);
        BlockingQueue<Future<String>> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Future<String>>();

        // 向里面扔任务
        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TASK; i++) {
            Future<String> future = pool.submit(new MyThread("Thread" + i));
            queue.add(future);
        }

        // 检查线程池任务执行结果
        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TASK; i++) {
            System.out.println("method1:" + queue.take().get());
        }

        // 关闭线程池
        pool.shutdown();
    }

    // 方法二，通过CompletionService来实现获取线程池中任务的返回结果
    public void testByCompetion() throws Exception {
        // 创建线程池
        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(POOL_SIZE);
        CompletionService<String> cService = new ExecutorCompletionService<String>(pool);
po
        // 向里面扔任务
        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TASK; i++) {
            cService.submit(new MyThread("Thread" + i));
        }

        // 检查线程池任务执行结果
        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_TASK; i++) {
            Future<String> future = cService.take();
            System.out.println("method2:" + future.get());
        }

        // 关闭线程池
        pool.shutdown();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ThreadPoolTest4 t = new ThreadPoolTest4();
        t.testByQueue();
        t.testByCompetion();
    }
}

3.输出的结果

调用方法一的输出结果如下：

Thread3finished.....
Thread5finished.....
Thread1finished.....
Thread6finished.....
Thread0finished.....
method1:Thread0sleep time:689
method1:Thread1sleep time:254
Thread7finished.....
Thread2finished.....
method1:Thread2sleep time:948
method1:Thread3sleep time:21
Thread4finished.....
method1:Thread4sleep time:957
method1:Thread5sleep time:108
method1:Thread6sleep time:489
method1:Thread7sleep time:682
Thread11finished.....
Thread12finished.....
Thread13finished.....
Thread8finished.....
method1:Thread8sleep time:680
Thread14finished.....
Thread9finished.....
method1:Thread9sleep time:943
Thread10finished.....
method1:Thread10sleep time:907
method1:Thread11sleep time:122
method1:Thread12sleep time:219
method1:Thread13sleep time:112
method1:Thread14sleep time:299
Thread16finished.....
Thread15finished.....
method1:Thread15sleep time:774
method1:Thread16sleep time:570
Thread17finished.....
method1:Thread17sleep time:853
Thread18finished.....
method1:Thread18sleep time:758
Thread19finished.....
method1:Thread19sleep time:942

调用方法二的时候的输出结果为：

Thread4finished.....
method2:Thread4sleep time:333
Thread0finished.....
method2:Thread0sleep time:440
Thread3finished.....
method2:Thread3sleep time:471
Thread7finished.....
method2:Thread7sleep time:151
Thread1finished.....
method2:Thread1sleep time:652
Thread5finished.....
method2:Thread5sleep time:357
Thread2finished.....
method2:Thread2sleep time:844
Thread6finished.....
method2:Thread6sleep time:469
Thread8finished.....
method2:Thread8sleep time:346
Thread10finished.....
method2:Thread10sleep time:353
Thread12finished.....
method2:Thread12sleep time:137
Thread9finished.....
method2:Thread9sleep time:438
Thread11finished.....
method2:Thread11sleep time:342
Thread17finished.....
method2:Thread17sleep time:59
Thread14finished.....
method2:Thread14sleep time:545
Thread13finished.....
method2:Thread13sleep time:630
Thread16finished.....
method2:Thread16sleep time:512
Thread18finished.....
method2:Thread18sleep time:419
Thread19finished.....
method2:Thread19sleep time:278
Thread15finished.....
method2:Thread15sleep time:877

4.总结

使用方法一，自己创建一个集合来保存Future存根并循环调用其返回结果的时候，主线程并不能保证首先获得的是最先完成任务的线程返回值。它只是按加入线程池的顺序返回。因为take方法是阻塞方法，后面的任务完成了，前面的任务却没有完成，主程序就那样等待在那儿，只到前面的完成了，它才知道原来后面的也完成了。

使用方法二，使用CompletionService来维护处理线程不的返回结果时，主线程总是能够拿到最先完成的任务的返回值，而不管它们加入线程池的顺序。