Hibernate 学习笔记02 --基础配置

1、知识点

1、  对应包：hibernate.0

2、  hibernate.cfg.xml：hbm2ddl.auto

3、  搭建日志环境并配置显示DQL语句

4、  搭建JUnit环境

a)        需要注意JUuit的Bug

5、  hibernate.cfg.xml：show_sql

6、  hibernate.cfg.xml：format_sql

7、  表名和类名不同，对表名进行配置

a)        Annotation:@Table

b)       xml：自己查询

8、  字段名和属性名相同

a)        默认为@Basic

b)       xml中不用写column

9、  字段名和属性名不同

a)        Annotation:@Column

b)       xml自己查询

10、  不需要persistence的字段

a)        Annotation:@Transient

b)       xml：不写

 

11、  映射日期与时间类型，指定时间精度

a)        Annotation：@Temporal

b)       xnl:指定type

12、  映射枚举类型

a)        @Enumerated

b)       xml：麻烦（不推荐）

13、  字段映射的位置（field或者get方法）

a)        Best Practice：保持filed和get set方法的一致

14、  @Lob

15、  课外：CLOB和BLOB类型的数据存取

16、  课外：Hibernate自定义数据类型

17、  Hibernate

 

2、hibernate.cfg.xml中的一些配置

<propertyname="show_sql">true</property>         <propertyname="format_sql">true</property>         <propertyname="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>

       关于hbm2ddl.auto的说明如下：

hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto

Automatically validates or exports schema DDL to the database when the SessionFactory is created. Withcreate-drop, the database schema will be dropped when theSessionFactory is closed explicitly. e.g. validate | update | create | create-drop

3、使用JUnit测试程序

         我们知道，可以创建Hibernate文档建议的辅助类来获取会话工厂，这样一来方便，二来通过单例设计模式规定了只实例化一次会话工厂。除了创建这个辅助类，还可以使用@BeforeClass和@AfterClass来完成此要求。

package com.bjsxt.hibernate;   import org.hibernate.HibernateException; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration; import org.junit.AfterClass; import org.junit.BeforeClass; import org.junit.Test;   public class StudentTest {          private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;          @BeforeClass          public static void beforeClass() {                             sessionFactory = new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory();          }          @AfterClass          public static void afterClass() {                    sessionFactory.close();          }                   @Test          public void testStudentSave() {                    Student s = new Student();                    s.setId(1);                    s.setName("zhangsan");                    s.setAge(8);                                                          Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();                    session.beginTransaction();                    session.save(s);                    session.getTransaction().commit();          }                   public static void main(String[] args) {                    beforeClass();  //检测BUG的方法，如果出现的话          }                   @Test          public void testStudentDelete() {                             } }

4、综合使用基础配置

4.1、使用Annotation形式来设置上面提到的基础配置

         首先建立Hibernate 4建议的工厂取得方法，写一个辅助类HibernateUtil：

package org.hibernate.tutorial.util;   import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry; import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;   public class HibernateUtil {       private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory();       private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {         Configuration cfg = new Configuration();         cfg.configure();         ServiceRegistry sr = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(                 cfg.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();         SessionFactory sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory(sr);         try {             // Create the SessionFactory from hibernate.cfg.xml             // the following is deprecated:             // return new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();             return sessionFactory;         } catch (Throwable ex) {             // Make sure you log the exception, as it might be swallowed             System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);             throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);         }     }       public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {         returnsessionFactory;     } }

         修改教师类teacher：

package com.wolex.hibernate.model;   //注意导入的包 import java.util.Date; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.EnumType; import javax.persistence.Enumerated; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; import javax.persistence.Temporal; import javax.persistence.TemporalType; import javax.persistence.Transient;   @Entity // 指定数据表名为"teachers": @Table(name = "teachers") public class Teacher {     private int id;     private Stringname;     private Stringtitle;     private StringspouseName;     private Datebirthday;     private Sexsex;       @Id     @Column(length = 15)     // 奇怪的是：如果一个映射类没有@Id，会报错；而且@Id属性的长度无法指定     public int getId() {         returnid;     }       @Column(name = "tname", length = 20)     public String getName() {         returnname;     }       // 不持久化的属性     @Transient     public String getSpouse() {         returnspouseName;     }       @Column(length = 10)     public String getTitle() {         returntitle;     }       // 但只有一个值的时候，value可写可不写： @Temporal(value = TemporalType.TIME)     // 枚举类TemporalType中的其他常量：DATE、TIMESTAMP     @Temporal(TemporalType.TIME)     public Date getBirthday() {         returnbirthday;     }       // EnumType.ORDINAL表示采用枚举的序数（1、2。。。）     @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)     @Column(length = 10)     public Sex getSex() {         returnsex;     }       public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {         this.birthday = birthday;     }       public void setId(int id) {         this.id = id;     }       public void setName(String name) {         this.name = name;     }       public void setSpouse(String spouse) {         this.spouseName = spouse;     }       public void setTitle(String title) {         this.title = title;     }       public void setSex(Sex sex) {         this.sex = sex;     }   }

         注意，Hibernate中是可以配置没有主键的类映射表，但是在实际中表都存在主键（即使没有，也可以人为添加一个id列），对于@Id指定的属性没有指定长度，请参考ID生产策略。

         编写测试类TeacherTest：

package com.wolex.hibernate.model;   import java.util.Date; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.tutorial.util.HibernateUtil; import com.wolex.hibernate.model.Teacher;   public class TeacherTest {     public static void main(String[] args) {         Teacher tea = new Teacher();         tea.setId(1);         tea.setName("Theresa");         tea.setTitle("中级");         tea.setBirthday(new Date());         tea.setSex(Sex.FEMALE);         Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().openSession();         session.beginTransaction();         session.save(tea);         session.getTransaction().commit();         session.close();         HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().close();     } }

Hibernate: drop table teachers cascade constraints Hibernate:     create table teachers (         id number(10,0) not null,         birthday date,         tname varchar2(20),         sex varchar2(10),         title varchar2(10),         primary key (id) ) Hibernate:     insert     into         teachers         (birthday, tname, sex, title, id)     values         (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)

         因为我们上面hbm2ddl.auto配置的是“create”，所以每次hibernate都会把先drop掉原来的表再生成。下面我们查询一下该表：

SQL> DESCRIBE teachers

 Name                                     Null?    Type

 ------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------

 ID                                        NOTNULL NUMBER(10)

 BIRTHDAY                                           DATE

 TNAME                                             VARCHAR2(20)

 SEX                                               VARCHAR2(10)

 TITLE                                             VARCHAR2(10)

SQL> SELECT * FROM teachers;

        ID BIRTHDAY        TNAME           SEX             TITLE

---------- --------------- --------------- ------------------------------

         1 04-JUN-13       Theresa         FEMALE          中级

         在Oracle 9i以前时间的数据类型就只有DATE一种，所以如果dialect设置为Oracle(anyversion)，则上面TemporalType无论是TIME、DATE、TIMESTAMP都只会在数据库中映射为DATE类型。但是9i引入了两个新的、相关联的数据类型：INTERVAL和TIMESTAMP。

SQL Dialect设置为Oracle(anyversion)：

<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</property>

         SQL Dialect设置为Oracle 10g：

<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property>

         那么如果SQL Dialect设置为10g后，Temporal.DATE和Temporal.time都会在数据库中映射为DATE数据类型，如果是Temporal.TIMESTAMP的话，则映射为TIMESTAMP数据类型。至于怎样映射为INTERVAL类型，未知？！。

4.2、使用XML完成配置

package com.wolex.hibernate.model; import java.util.Date;   public class Student {     private int id;     private Stringname;     private long password;     private Datebirthday;     private DateregistrationDate;       public int getId() {         returnid;     }       public void setId(int id) {         this.id = id;     }       public String getName() {         returnname;     }       public void setName(String name) {         this.name = name;     }       public Date getRegistrationDate() {         returnregistrationDate;     }       public void setRegistrationDate(Date registrationDate) {         this.registrationDate = registrationDate;     }       public long getPassword() {         returnpassword;     }       public void setPassword(long password) {         this.password = password;     }       public Date getBirthday() {         returnbirthday;     }       public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {         this.birthday = birthday;     } }

         Student类建立好了，下面配置其映射文件Student.hbm.xml：

<?xmlversion="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPEhibernate-mapping PUBLIC         "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"         "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">   <hibernate-mappingpackage="com.wolex.hibernate.model">     <classname="Student"table="students">         <idname="id"column="stu_id"length="20"></id>         <!-- 记得length="",不要忘了加双引号 -->         <propertyname="name"column="sname"length="20"></property>         <!-- <property name="password" type="java.math.BigDecimal" length="11"             precision="2" scale="3"></property> -->     <!-- 上面纠结了很久都改变不了最终生成表的number类型的长度与精度 -->         <propertyname="password"></property>         <propertyname="birthday"type="java.util.Date"></property>         <propertyname="registrationDate"type="time"></property>     </class>   </hibernate-mapping>

         这里使用到了length只有在类中field的类型是String的时候才有效，如果是int、long等都无效，原因未知！？？注意birthday和registrationDate分别设置为不同的类型。

         在hibernate.cfg.xml中添加：

<mapping resource="com/wolex/hibernate/model/Student.hbm.xml"/>

         编写测试类，此次不使用hibernateUtil辅助类：

package com.wolex.hibernate.model; import java.util.Date; import org.hibernate.HibernateException; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry; import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder; import com.wolex.hibernate.model.Student;   public class StudentTest {     public static void main(String[] args) {         Student stu = new Student();         stu.setId(1);         stu.setName("Cyndi");         stu.setPassword(219341);         stu.setBirthday(new Date());         stu.setRegistrationDate(new Date());           Configuration cfg = new Configuration();         cfg.configure();         SessionFactory sf;         try {// 主要为了观察错误原因             ServiceRegistry sr = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(                     cfg.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();             sf = cfg.buildSessionFactory(sr);             Session session = sf.openSession();             session.beginTransaction();             session.save(stu);             session.getTransaction().commit();             session.close();             sf.close();         } catch (HibernateException e) {             e.printStackTrace();         }     } }

         查询students表，观察结果：

SQL> DESCRIBE students;

 Name                                     Null?    Type

 ------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------

 STU_ID                                    NOT NULLNUMBER(10)

 SNAME                                              VARCHAR2(20CHAR)

 PASSWORD                                          NUMBER(19)

 BIRTHDAY                                          TIMESTAMP(6)

 REGISTRATIONDATE                                  DATE

SQL> SELECT * FROM students;

    STU_ID SNAME        PASSWORD BIRTHDAY                       REGISTRAT

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------

         1 SoYeon         219341 04-JUN-13 07.21.00.329000PM   04-JUN-13

         可见birthday字段的类型是TIMESTAMP，如果java类中属性类型为java.util.Date，那么Student.hbm.xml文件中的type不设置，则默认设置为java.util.Date。