1、Springmvc简介及配置
1.什么是springMVC?
Spring Web MVC是一种基于Java的实现了MVC设计模式的、请求驱动类型的、轻量级Web框架。
2.SpringMVC处理请求的流程
首先用户发送请求–>DispatherServlet
DispatcherServlet–>HandlerMapping
DispatcherServlet–>HandlerAdapter
HandlerAdapter–>处理器功能处理方法的调用
View–>渲染
返回控制权给DispatcherServlet,由DispatcherServlet返回呼应给用户,流程结束
3.SpringMVC核心开发步骤
DispatcherServlet在web.xml中的部署描述,从而拦截请求到springMVC
HandlerMapping的配置,从而将请求映射到处理器
HandlerAdapter的配置,从而支持多种类型的处理器
处理器(页面控制器)的配置,从而刊行功能处理
ViewResolver的配置,从而将逻辑视图名解析为具体的视图技术
4.SpringMVC的组件
前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)
请求到处理器映射(HandlerMapping)
处理器适配器(HandlerAdapter)
视图解析器(ViewResolver)
处理器或页面控制器(Controller)
验证器(Validator)
命令对象(Command 请求参数绑定到的对象就叫命令对象)
表单对象(Form Object提供给表单展示和提交到的对象就叫表单对象)
5. 如何在项目中添加springmvc
添加pom依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
JSTL依赖
缺少下面的这两个jar包会报java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/Config
原因:org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView在视图解析时需要这二个jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
后面还需要对jsp页面进行访问,需要添加以下依赖
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
<standard.version>1.1.2</standard.version>
<tomcat-jsp-api.version>8.0.47</tomcat-jsp-api.version>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>${standard.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat-jsp-api.version}</version>
</dependency>
在WEB-INF下添加springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!-- 通过context:component-scan元素扫描指定包下的控制器-->
<!--1) 扫描com.javaxl.zf及子子孙孙包下的控制器(扫描范围过大,耗时)-->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.likang"/>
<!--2) 此标签默认注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter -->
<!--两个bean,这两个bean是spring MVC为@Controllers分发请求所必须的。并提供了数据绑定支持,-->
<!--@NumberFormatannotation支持,@DateTimeFormat支持,@Valid支持,读写XML的支持(JAXB),读写JSON的支持(Jackson)-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--3) ViewResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- viewClass需要在pom中引入两个包:standard.jar and jstl.jar -->
<property name="viewClass"
value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--4) 单独处理图片、样式、js等资源 -->
<!--<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>-->
<!--<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>-->
<!--<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>-->
<mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/>
</beans>
web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 读取Spring上下文的监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- Spring和web项目集成end -->
<!-- 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 中文乱码处理 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<!--web.xml 3.0的新特性,是否支持异步-->
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--此参数可以不配置,默认值为:/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<!--web.xml 3.0的新特性,是否支持异步-->
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2、Springmvc之helloword实现
测试代码
HelloController
package com.likang.controller;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author 木子康
*
*
*5种情况
* 1,转发到页面
* 2,转发到根路径下的页面
* 3,转发到requemapping下
* 4,重定向Dao根路径下的页面
* 5,重定向到requestmapping下
*
*
*/
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/HelloWord1")
public String HelloWord1(){
System.out.println("Hello 木子!!!");
return "Hello !!!";
}
@RequestMapping("/HelloWord2")
public String HelloWord2(){
System.out.println("Hello 康!!!");
return "hello";
}
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/HelloWord3")
public Map HelloWord3(){
System.out.println("Hello 木子!!!");
Map map=new HashMap();
map.put("total",19);
map.put("rows","一串数据");
return map;
}
// 1,转发到页面
@RequestMapping("/forward1")
public String forward1(){
System.out.println("欢迎来到forward");
return "mu";
}
// 2,转发到根路径下的页面
@RequestMapping("/forward2")
public String forward2(){
return "forward:/kang.jsp";
}
// 3,转发到requemapping下
@RequestMapping("/forward3")
public String forward3(){
return "forward:/forward1";
}
// 4,重定向Dao根路径下的页面
@RequestMapping("/redirecte1")
public String redirecte1(){
return "redirect:/kang.jsp";
}
// 5,重定向到requestmapping下
@RequestMapping("/redirecte2")
public String redirecte2(){
return "redirect:/forward1";
}
}
3、Springmvc常用注解及返回值处理
PageTag
package com.likang.tag;
import com.likang.util.PageBean;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
public class PageTag extends BodyTagSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private PageBean pageBean;
public PageBean getPageBean() {
return pageBean;
}
public void setPageBean(PageBean pageBean) {
this.pageBean = pageBean;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
try {
out.print(toHTML());
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return super.doStartTag();
}
private String toHTML() {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
/*
* 拼接向后台提交数据的form表单
* 注意:拼接的form表单中的page参数是变化的,所以不需要保留上一次请求的值
*/
sb.append("<form id='pageBeanForm' action='"+pageBean.getUrl()+"' method='post'>");
sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='page'>");
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = pageBean.getMap();
if(parameterMap != null && parameterMap.size() > 0) {
Set<Entry<String, String[]>> entrySet = parameterMap.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, String[]> entry : entrySet) {
if(!"page".equals(entry.getKey())) {
String[] values = entry.getValue();
for (String val : values) {
sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='"+entry.getKey()+"' value='"+val+"'>");
}
}
}
}
sb.append("</form>");
/*
* 展示的分页条
*/
sb.append("<div style='text-align: right; font-size: 12px;'>");
sb.append("每页"+pageBean.getRows()+"条,共"+pageBean.getTotal()+"条,第"+pageBean.getPage()+"页,共"+pageBean.getMaxPage()+"页 <a href='javascript:gotoPage(1)'>首页</a> <a");
sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getPreivousPage()+")'>上一页</a> <a");
sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getNextPage()+")'>下一页</a> <a");
sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getMaxPage()+")'>尾页</a> <input type='text'");
sb.append(" id='skipPage'");
sb.append(" style='text-align: center; font-size: 12px; width: 50px;'> <a");
sb.append(" href='javascript:skipPage()'>Go</a>");
sb.append("</div>");
/*
* 给分页条添加与后台交互的js代码
*/
sb.append("<script type='text/javascript'>");
sb.append(" function gotoPage(page) {");
sb.append(" document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').page.value = page;");
sb.append(" document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').submit();");
sb.append(" }");
sb.append(" function skipPage() {");
sb.append(" var page = document.getElementById('skipPage').value;");
sb.append(" if(!page || isNaN(page) || parseInt(page)<1 || parseInt(page)>"+pageBean.getMaxPage()+"){");
sb.append(" alert('请输入1~N的数字');");
sb.append(" return;");
sb.append(" }");
sb.append(" gotoPage(page);");
sb.append(" }");
sb.append("</script>");
return sb.toString();
}
}
PageBean
package com.likang.util;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Map;
public class PageBean implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2422581023658455731L;
//页码
private int page=1;
//每页显示记录数
private int rows=10;
//总记录数
private int total=0;
//是否分页
private boolean isPagination=true;
//上一次的请求路径
private String url;
//获取所有的请求参数
private Map<String,String[]> map;
public PageBean() {
super();
}
//设置请求参数
public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
String page=req.getParameter("page");
String rows=req.getParameter("rows");
String pagination=req.getParameter("pagination");
this.setPage(page);
this.setRows(rows);
this.setPagination(pagination);
this.url=req.getContextPath()+req.getServletPath();
this.map=req.getParameterMap();
}
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public Map<String, String[]> getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, String[]> map) {
this.map = map;
}
public int getPage() {
return page;
}
public void setPage(int page) {
this.page = page;
}
public void setPage(String page) {
if(null!=page&&!"".equals(page.trim()))
this.page = Integer.parseInt(page);
}
public int getRows() {
return rows;
}
public void setRows(int rows) {
this.rows = rows;
}
public void setRows(String rows) {
if(null!=rows&&!"".equals(rows.trim()))
this.rows = Integer.parseInt(rows);
}
public int getTotal() {
return total;
}
public void setTotal(int total) {
this.total = total;
}
public void setTotal(String total) {
this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
}
public boolean isPagination() {
return isPagination;
}
public void setPagination(boolean isPagination) {
this.isPagination = isPagination;
}
public void setPagination(String isPagination) {
if(null!=isPagination&&!"".equals(isPagination.trim()))
this.isPagination = Boolean.parseBoolean(isPagination);
}
/**
* 获取分页起始标记位置
* @return
*/
public int getStartIndex() {
//(当前页码-1)*显示记录数
return (this.getPage()-1)*this.rows;
}
/**
* 末页
* @return
*/
public int getMaxPage() {
int totalpage=this.total/this.rows;
if(this.total%this.rows!=0)
totalpage++;
return totalpage;
}
/**
* 下一页
* @return
*/
public int getNextPage() {
int nextPage=this.page+1;
if(this.page>=this.getMaxPage())
nextPage=this.getMaxPage();
return nextPage;
}
/**
* 上一页
* @return
*/
public int getPreivousPage() {
int previousPage=this.page-1;
if(previousPage<1)
previousPage=1;
return previousPage;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", isPagination=" + isPagination
+ "]";
}
}
BookController
package com.likang.controller;
import com.likang.model.Book;
import com.likang.service.BookService;
import com.likang.util.PageBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author 木子康
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;
@RequestMapping("/list")
public String list(Book book, HttpServletRequest req){
PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
pageBean.setRequest(req);
List<Book> books = this.bookService.listPager(book, pageBean);
req.setAttribute("bookList",books);
req.setAttribute("pageBean",pageBean);
return "bookList";
}
@RequestMapping("/preSave")
public String preSave(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){
if(book!=null && book.getBid()!=null && book.getBid()!=0){
Book b = this.bookService.selectByPrimaryKey(book.getBid());
req.setAttribute("books",b);
}
return "bookEdit";
}
@RequestMapping("/add")
public String add(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){
this.bookService.insertSelective(book);
return "redirect:/book/list";
}
@RequestMapping("/edit")
public String edit(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){
this.bookService.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(book);
return "redirect:/book/list";
}
@RequestMapping("/del/{bid}")
public String del(@PathVariable("bid") Integer bid, HttpServletRequest req){
this.bookService.deleteByPrimaryKey(bid);
return "redirect:/book/list";
}
}
bookList.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/likang" prefix="z" %>
<%--<%@ taglib uri="/zking" prefix="z" %>--%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function add(){
// window.location.href = "bookEdit.jsp";
<%--window.location.href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAdd";--%>
}
function update(bid){
<%--window.location.href = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bookAction.action?methodName=load&&bid="+bid;--%>
}
function del(bid){
<%--window.location.href = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bookAction.action?methodName=delele&&bid="+bid;--%>
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/list"
method="post">
书名:<input type="text" name="bname"> <input type="submit"
value="确定">
</form>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/preSave">新增</a>
<table border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>编号</td>
<td>名称</td>
<td>价格</td>
<td>操作</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${bookList }" var="b">
<tr>
<td>${b.bid }</td>
<td>${b.bname }</td>
<td>${b.price }</td>
<td>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/preSave?bid=${b.bid}">修改</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/${b.bid}">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
<z:page pageBean="${pageBean }"></z:page>
</body>
</html>
4、Springmvc静态资源处理
springmvc不可以直接访问到静态资源文件
我们需要加一个专门处理处理静态资源文件的功能
例如: 访问static的图片
<mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/>