springmvc入门

1、Springmvc简介及配置

1.什么是springMVC?
Spring Web MVC是一种基于Java的实现了MVC设计模式的、请求驱动类型的、轻量级Web框架。

2.SpringMVC处理请求的流程
首先用户发送请求–>DispatherServlet
DispatcherServlet–>HandlerMapping
DispatcherServlet–>HandlerAdapter
HandlerAdapter–>处理器功能处理方法的调用
View–>渲染
返回控制权给DispatcherServlet,由DispatcherServlet返回呼应给用户,流程结束

3.SpringMVC核心开发步骤
DispatcherServlet在web.xml中的部署描述,从而拦截请求到springMVC
HandlerMapping的配置,从而将请求映射到处理器
HandlerAdapter的配置,从而支持多种类型的处理器
处理器(页面控制器)的配置,从而刊行功能处理
ViewResolver的配置,从而将逻辑视图名解析为具体的视图技术

4.SpringMVC的组件
前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)
请求到处理器映射(HandlerMapping)
处理器适配器(HandlerAdapter)
视图解析器(ViewResolver)
处理器或页面控制器(Controller)
验证器(Validator)
命令对象(Command 请求参数绑定到的对象就叫命令对象)
表单对象(Form Object提供给表单展示和提交到的对象就叫表单对象)
5. 如何在项目中添加springmvc
添加pom依赖

 <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

JSTL依赖
缺少下面的这两个jar包会报java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/Config
原因:org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView在视图解析时需要这二个jar包

<dependency>
          <groupId>jstl</groupId>
          <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
          <version>1.2</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
          <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
          <version>1.1.2</version>
      </dependency>

后面还需要对jsp页面进行访问,需要添加以下依赖

	    <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
        <standard.version>1.1.2</standard.version>
        <tomcat-jsp-api.version>8.0.47</tomcat-jsp-api.version>
   <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>${jstl.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>${standard.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>${tomcat-jsp-api.version}</version>
        </dependency>

在WEB-INF下添加springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    <!-- 通过context:component-scan元素扫描指定包下的控制器-->
    <!--1) 扫描com.javaxl.zf及子子孙孙包下的控制器(扫描范围过大,耗时)-->
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.likang"/>

    <!--2) 此标签默认注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter -->
    <!--两个bean,这两个bean是spring MVC为@Controllers分发请求所必须的。并提供了数据绑定支持,-->
    <!--@NumberFormatannotation支持,@DateTimeFormat支持,@Valid支持,读写XML的支持(JAXB),读写JSON的支持(Jackson)-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!--3) ViewResolver -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- viewClass需要在pom中引入两个包:standard.jar and jstl.jar -->
        <property name="viewClass"
                  value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--4) 单独处理图片、样式、js等资源 -->
    <!--<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>-->
    <!--<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>-->
    <!--<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>-->
    <mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/>


</beans>

web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!-- 读取Spring上下文的监听器 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <!-- Spring和web项目集成end -->

    <!-- 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- 中文乱码处理 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <!--web.xml 3.0的新特性,是否支持异步-->
        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--此参数可以不配置,默认值为:/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        <!--web.xml 3.0的新特性,是否支持异步-->
        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

2、Springmvc之helloword实现

测试代码
HelloController

package com.likang.controller;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author 木子康
 *
 *
 *5种情况
 *  1,转发到页面
 *  2,转发到根路径下的页面
 *  3,转发到requemapping下
 *  4,重定向Dao根路径下的页面
 *  5,重定向到requestmapping下
 *
 *
 */
@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/HelloWord1")
    public String HelloWord1(){
        System.out.println("Hello 木子!!!");
        return "Hello !!!";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/HelloWord2")
    public String HelloWord2(){
        System.out.println("Hello 康!!!");
        return "hello";
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/HelloWord3")
    public Map HelloWord3(){
        System.out.println("Hello 木子!!!");
        Map map=new HashMap();
        map.put("total",19);
        map.put("rows","一串数据");
        return map;
    }
//    1,转发到页面
    @RequestMapping("/forward1")
    public String forward1(){
        System.out.println("欢迎来到forward");
        return "mu";
    }
//    2,转发到根路径下的页面
    @RequestMapping("/forward2")
    public String forward2(){
        return "forward:/kang.jsp";
    }
//    3,转发到requemapping下
    @RequestMapping("/forward3")
    public String forward3(){
        return "forward:/forward1";
    }
//    4,重定向Dao根路径下的页面
    @RequestMapping("/redirecte1")
    public String redirecte1(){
        return "redirect:/kang.jsp";
    }
//    5,重定向到requestmapping下
    @RequestMapping("/redirecte2")
    public String redirecte2(){
        return "redirect:/forward1";
    }

}


在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

3、Springmvc常用注解及返回值处理

PageTag

package com.likang.tag;

import com.likang.util.PageBean;

import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;


public class PageTag extends BodyTagSupport {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	private PageBean pageBean;
	public PageBean getPageBean() {
		return pageBean;
	}
	public void setPageBean(PageBean pageBean) {
		this.pageBean = pageBean;
	}
	@Override
	public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
		JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
		try {
			out.print(toHTML());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return super.doStartTag();
	}
	private String toHTML() {
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		/*
		 * 拼接向后台提交数据的form表单
		 * 	注意:拼接的form表单中的page参数是变化的,所以不需要保留上一次请求的值
		 */
		sb.append("<form id='pageBeanForm' action='"+pageBean.getUrl()+"' method='post'>");
		sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='page'>");
		Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = pageBean.getMap();
		if(parameterMap != null && parameterMap.size() > 0) {
			Set<Entry<String, String[]>> entrySet = parameterMap.entrySet();
			for (Entry<String, String[]> entry : entrySet) {
				if(!"page".equals(entry.getKey())) {
					String[] values = entry.getValue();
					for (String val : values) {
						sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='"+entry.getKey()+"' value='"+val+"'>");
					}
				}
			}
		}
		sb.append("</form>");
		
		/*
		 * 展示的分页条
		 */
		sb.append("<div style='text-align: right; font-size: 12px;'>");
		sb.append("每页"+pageBean.getRows()+"条,共"+pageBean.getTotal()+"条,第"+pageBean.getPage()+"页,共"+pageBean.getMaxPage()+"页&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='javascript:gotoPage(1)'>首页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a");
		sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getPreivousPage()+")'>上一页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a");
		sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getNextPage()+")'>下一页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a");
		sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getMaxPage()+")'>尾页</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type='text'");
		sb.append(" id='skipPage'");
		sb.append(" style='text-align: center; font-size: 12px; width: 50px;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a");
		sb.append(" href='javascript:skipPage()'>Go</a>");
		sb.append("</div>");
		
		/*
		 * 给分页条添加与后台交互的js代码
		 */
		sb.append("<script type='text/javascript'>");
		sb.append("		function gotoPage(page) {");
		sb.append("			document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').page.value = page;");
		sb.append("			document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').submit();");
		sb.append("		}");
		sb.append("		function skipPage() {");
		sb.append("			var page = document.getElementById('skipPage').value;");
		sb.append("			if(!page || isNaN(page) || parseInt(page)<1 || parseInt(page)>"+pageBean.getMaxPage()+"){");
		sb.append("				alert('请输入1~N的数字');");
		sb.append("				return;");
		sb.append("			}");
		sb.append("			gotoPage(page);");
		sb.append("		}");
		sb.append("</script>");
		return sb.toString();
	}
}

PageBean

package com.likang.util;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Map;

public class PageBean implements Serializable {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 2422581023658455731L;

	//页码
	private int page=1;
	//每页显示记录数
	private int rows=10;
	//总记录数
	private int total=0;
	//是否分页
	private boolean isPagination=true;
	//上一次的请求路径
	private String url;
	//获取所有的请求参数
	private Map<String,String[]> map;
	
	public PageBean() {
		super();
	}
	
	//设置请求参数
	public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
		String page=req.getParameter("page");
		String rows=req.getParameter("rows");
		String pagination=req.getParameter("pagination");
		this.setPage(page);
		this.setRows(rows);
		this.setPagination(pagination);
		this.url=req.getContextPath()+req.getServletPath();
		this.map=req.getParameterMap();
	}
	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}

	public Map<String, String[]> getMap() {
		return map;
	}

	public void setMap(Map<String, String[]> map) {
		this.map = map;
	}

	public int getPage() {
		return page;
	}

	public void setPage(int page) {
		this.page = page;
	}
	
	public void setPage(String page) {
		if(null!=page&&!"".equals(page.trim()))
			this.page = Integer.parseInt(page);
	}

	public int getRows() {
		return rows;
	}

	public void setRows(int rows) {
		this.rows = rows;
	}
	
	public void setRows(String rows) {
		if(null!=rows&&!"".equals(rows.trim()))
			this.rows = Integer.parseInt(rows);
	}

	public int getTotal() {
		return total;
	}

	public void setTotal(int total) {
		this.total = total;
	}
	
	public void setTotal(String total) {
		this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
	}

	public boolean isPagination() {
		return isPagination;
	}
	
	public void setPagination(boolean isPagination) {
		this.isPagination = isPagination;
	}
	
	public void setPagination(String isPagination) {
		if(null!=isPagination&&!"".equals(isPagination.trim()))
			this.isPagination = Boolean.parseBoolean(isPagination);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 获取分页起始标记位置
	 * @return
	 */
	public int getStartIndex() {
		//(当前页码-1)*显示记录数
		return (this.getPage()-1)*this.rows;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 末页
	 * @return
	 */
	public int getMaxPage() {
		int totalpage=this.total/this.rows;
		if(this.total%this.rows!=0)
			totalpage++;
		return totalpage;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 下一页
	 * @return
	 */
	public int getNextPage() {
		int nextPage=this.page+1;
		if(this.page>=this.getMaxPage())
			nextPage=this.getMaxPage();
		return nextPage;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 上一页
	 * @return
	 */
	public int getPreivousPage() {
		int previousPage=this.page-1;
		if(previousPage<1)
			previousPage=1;
		return previousPage;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", isPagination=" + isPagination
				+ "]";
	}
}

BookController

package com.likang.controller;

import com.likang.model.Book;
import com.likang.service.BookService;
import com.likang.util.PageBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author 木子康
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;
    @RequestMapping("/list")
    public String list(Book book, HttpServletRequest req){
        PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
        pageBean.setRequest(req);
        List<Book> books = this.bookService.listPager(book, pageBean);
        req.setAttribute("bookList",books);
        req.setAttribute("pageBean",pageBean);
        return "bookList";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/preSave")
    public String preSave(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){
        if(book!=null && book.getBid()!=null && book.getBid()!=0){
            Book b = this.bookService.selectByPrimaryKey(book.getBid());
            req.setAttribute("books",b);
        }
        return "bookEdit";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/add")
    public String add(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){
        this.bookService.insertSelective(book);
        return "redirect:/book/list";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/edit")
    public String edit(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){
        this.bookService.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(book);
        return "redirect:/book/list";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/del/{bid}")
    public String del(@PathVariable("bid") Integer bid,  HttpServletRequest req){
        this.bookService.deleteByPrimaryKey(bid);
        return "redirect:/book/list";
    }

}

bookList.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/likang" prefix="z" %>
     <%--<%@ taglib uri="/zking" prefix="z" %>--%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
	function add(){
		// window.location.href = "bookEdit.jsp";
		<%--window.location.href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAdd";--%>
	}
	
	function update(bid){
		<%--window.location.href = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bookAction.action?methodName=load&&bid="+bid;--%>
	}
	
	function del(bid){
		<%--window.location.href = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bookAction.action?methodName=delele&&bid="+bid;--%>
	}
</script>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/list"
		method="post">
		书名:<input type="text" name="bname"> <input type="submit"
			value="确定">
	</form>
	<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/preSave">新增</a>
	<table border="1" width="100%">
		<tr>
			<td>编号</td>
			<td>名称</td>
			<td>价格</td>
			<td>操作</td>
		</tr>
		<c:forEach items="${bookList }" var="b">
			<tr>
				<td>${b.bid }</td>
				<td>${b.bname }</td>
				<td>${b.price }</td>
				<td>
					<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/preSave?bid=${b.bid}">修改</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
					<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/${b.bid}">删除</a>
				</td>
			</tr>
		</c:forEach>
	</table>
	<z:page pageBean="${pageBean }"></z:page>
</body>
</html>

在这里插入图片描述

4、Springmvc静态资源处理

springmvc不可以直接访问到静态资源文件
我们需要加一个专门处理处理静态资源文件的功能
例如: 访问static的图片

    <mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/>

在这里插入图片描述

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