本来打算让前端传base64字符串,但是转完后发现内容太多了,小小的图片转完比图片还大,最后决定前端正常上传文件,后端接收MultipartFile对其进行Base64编码转换。
首先看看标准的base64格式:
直接上代码吧,封装成一个工具类,直接引用即可
public class ImageToBase64 {
/**
* 将MultipartFile 图片文件编码为base64
* @param file
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String generateBase64(MultipartFile file){
if (file == null || file.isEmpty()) {
throw new RuntimeException("图片不能为空!");
}
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
String fileType = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
String contentType = file.getContentType();
byte[] imageBytes = null;
String base64EncoderImg="";
try {
imageBytes = file.getBytes();
BASE64Encoder base64Encoder =new BASE64Encoder();
/**
* 1.Java使用BASE64Encoder 需要添加图片头("data:" + contentType + ";base64,"),
* 其中contentType是文件的内容格式。
* 2.Java中在使用BASE64Enconder().encode()会出现字符串换行问题,这是因为RFC 822中规定,
* 每72个字符中加一个换行符号,这样会造成在使用base64字符串时出现问题,
* 所以我们在使用时要先用replaceAll("[\\s*\t\n\r]", "")解决换行的问题。
*/
base64EncoderImg = "data:" + contentType + ";base64," + base64Encoder.encode(imageBytes);
base64EncoderImg = base64EncoderImg.replaceAll("[\\s*\t\n\r]", "");
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return base64EncoderImg;
}
}
需要注意的是,不能单纯的调用BASE64Enconder().encode(),其编码后会出现换行,所以我们需要去掉换行。同时,base64有固定的开头写法,需要自己拼接上去。为了确保转换的图片没有问题,可以去网站上将转换的base64字符串做图片还原,如果图片正常,说明我们的编码串没问题。如:http://tool.chinaz.com/tools/imgtobase/
这是我转换完后测试的,没问题。
再来个不用转的
public class Base64Util {
private static final char last2byte = (char) Integer.parseInt("00000011", 2);
private static final char last4byte = (char) Integer.parseInt("00001111", 2);
private static final char last6byte = (char) Integer.parseInt("00111111", 2);
private static final char lead6byte = (char) Integer.parseInt("11111100", 2);
private static final char lead4byte = (char) Integer.parseInt("11110000", 2);
private static final char lead2byte = (char) Integer.parseInt("11000000", 2);
private static final char[] encodeTable = new char[]{'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/'};
public Base64Util() {
}
/**
* 把图片转为base64串
* @param from
* @return
*/
public static String encode(byte[] from) {
StringBuilder to = new StringBuilder((int) ((double) from.length * 1.34D) + 3);
int num = 0;
char currentByte = 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < from.length; ++i) {
for (num %= 8; num < 8; num += 6) {
switch (num) {
case 0:
currentByte = (char) (from[i] & lead6byte);
currentByte = (char) (currentByte >>> 2);
case 1:
case 3:
case 5:
default:
break;
case 2:
currentByte = (char) (from[i] & last6byte);
break;
case 4:
currentByte = (char) (from[i] & last4byte);
currentByte = (char) (currentByte << 2);
if (i + 1 < from.length) {
currentByte = (char) (currentByte | (from[i + 1] & lead2byte) >>> 6);
}
break;
case 6:
currentByte = (char) (from[i] & last2byte);
currentByte = (char) (currentByte << 4);
if (i + 1 < from.length) {
currentByte = (char) (currentByte | (from[i + 1] & lead4byte) >>> 4);
}
}
to.append(encodeTable[currentByte]);
}
}
if (to.length() % 4 != 0) {
for (i = 4 - to.length() % 4; i > 0; --i) {
to.append("=");
}
}
return to.toString();
}
}
调用的时候先判断文件是否存在
Base64Util.encode(file.getBytes());