Java 中关于原码,反码,补码的问题及常用的逻辑运算

在Java中 ,对于正数,它的原码,反码,补码都相同,

对于负数, 如 -5 它的 原码为  1 000 0000 .......0000 0101 

反码为(符号位不变,其他的位求反加1) 1 111 1111 .... 1111 1010

补码为 反码加1       1 111 1111 .... 1111 1011

例如:  int a=+5;  

由于在Java中 int 都是默认的 32 位有符号二进制表示的,

因此+5的二进制表示为 0 000 0000 .......0000 0101 

第一个0 表示符号位, 0 表示正 1 表示负 

对于 -5 他在Java中的二进制表示为 1 000 0000 0000 .......0101 ,

在进行运算时,Java中都是用补码进行运算的, 对于 +5 它的补码和原码相同 

如果进行一次取反运算 ~5 

取反运算的过程如下 先求得补码 为  0 000 0000 .......0000 0101 

再取反,这里注意 (取反运算和求一个数的反码是有区别的, 取反运算包括对符号位的操作,而求一个数的反码并不包括对符号位的操作) 的到 1 111 1111 1111 .......1111 1010 

此时我们便得到了 正5 取反后的结果 因为我们是对+5 的补码进行操作的,此时的到的应该是 结果 的补码,

再将补码转换为原码  (除符号位外,将其他位求反加1)得到:  1 000 0000 0000 ....0000 0110 即 为 -6 

基本的逻辑运算

Java提供了一组运算符丰富的操纵变量。我们可以把所有的Java操作符为以下几组：

• 算术运算符

• 关系运算符

• 位运算符

• 逻辑运算符

• 赋值运算符

• 其它运算符

算术运算符：

算术运算符用于在数学表达式中，他们是在代数中使用的方法相同。下表列出了算术运算符：

假设整型变量A=10和变量B=20，则：

算术运算实例

运算符	描述	实例
+	Addition - Adds values on either side of the operator	A + B = 30
-	Subtraction - Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand	A - B = -10
*	Multiplication - Multiplies values on either side of the operator	A * B = 200
/	Division - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand	B / A = 2
%	Modulus - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder	B % A = 0
++	Increment - Increases the value of operand by 1	B++ =21
--	Decrement - Decreases the value of operand by 1	B-- =19

关系运算符：

有下列由Java语言支持的关系运算符

假设变量A=10和变量B=20，则：

关系运算符实例

运算符	描述	实例
==	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A == B) is not true.
!=	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.	(A != B) is true.
>	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A > B) is not true.
<	Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A < B) is true.
>=	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A >= B) is not true.
<=	Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A <= B) is true.

按位运算符：

Java定义了几个位运算符，它可以应用到整数类型，长型，整型，短整型，字符和字节。

位运算符作用于位，并执行逐位操作。假设当a =60和b= 13; 现在以二进制格式，他们将会如下：

a = 0011 1100

b = 0000 1101

-----------------

a&b = 0000 1100

a|b = 0011 1101

a^b = 0011 0001

~a  = 1100 0011

下表列出了按位运算符：

假设整型变量A=60和变量B=13，则：

位运算实例

运算符	描述	实例
&	Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.	(A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100
|	Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.	(A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101
^	Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.	(A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001
~	Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits.	(~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number.
<<	Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000
>>	Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	A >> 2 will give 15 which is 1111
>>>	Shift right zero fill operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values are filled up with zeros.	A >>>2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111

逻辑运算符：

下表列出了逻辑运算符：

假设布尔变量A=ture，变量B=false，那么：

逻辑运算符实例

运算符	描述	实例
&&	Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true.	(A && B) is false.
||	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true.	(A || B) is true.
!	Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false.	!(A && B) is true.