SAX 解析特点:对XML文档从上到下,从左到右进行解析
解析步骤:创建工厂->得到解析器->得到处理器->设置内容处理器->读取xml文档内容
处理器中常实现的方法:startElement characters endElement
SAX解析的优点:逐行扫描,占内存少
缺点:不好对XML进行增删改查
用法示例:
带解析XML
book.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<书架>
<书>
<书名 name="XXX">红楼梦</书名>
<作者>曹雪芹</作者>
<售价>80元</售价>
</书>
<书>
<书名>水浒传</书名>
<作者>施耐庵</作者>
<售价>60</售价>
</书>
</书架>
①得到XML中的所有内容
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.ContentHandler;
import org.xml.sax.Locator;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
/**
* sax解析xml文档
*/
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, SAXException {
// 1.创建解析工厂
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
// 2.得到解析器
SAXParser sp = factory.newSAXParser();
// 3.得到读取器
XMLReader reader = sp.getXMLReader();
// 4.设置内容处理
reader.setContentHandler(new ListHandler());
// 5.读取xml文档内容
reader.parse("src/book.xml");
}
}
// 得到xml所有内容
class ListHandler extends DefaultHandler {
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
Attributes atts) throws SAXException {
System.out.println("<" + qName + ">");
for (int i = 0; atts != null && i < atts.getLength(); i++) {
String attName = atts.getQName(i);
String attValue = atts.getValue(i);
System.out.println(attName + "=" + attValue);
}
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
System.out.println("</" + qName + ">");
}
}
②得到XML中指定内容
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.ContentHandler;
import org.xml.sax.Locator;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
/**
* sax解析xml文档
*/
public class Demo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, SAXException {
// 1.创建解析工厂
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
// 2.得到解析器
SAXParser sp = factory.newSAXParser();
// 3.得到读取器
XMLReader reader = sp.getXMLReader();
// 4.设置内容处理
reader.setContentHandler(new TagValueHandler());
// 5.读取xml文档内容
reader.parse("src/book.xml");
}
}
// 获取指定标签的值
class TagValueHandler extends DefaultHandler {
private String currentTag; // 记住当前解析到的是什么标签
private int needNumber = 2; // 记住想获取第几个作者标签的值
private int currentNumber; // 当前解析到的是第几个
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
currentTag = qName;
if (currentTag.equals("作者")) {
currentNumber++;
}
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
currentTag = null;
}
③把xml文档中的每一本书封装到一个book对象中,并把多个book对象发到list集合中
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.ContentHandler;
import org.xml.sax.Locator;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
/**
* sax解析xml文档
*/
public class Demo3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, SAXException {
// 1.创建解析工厂
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
// 2.得到解析器
SAXParser sp = factory.newSAXParser();
// 3.得到读取器
XMLReader reader = sp.getXMLReader();
// 4.设置内容处理
BeanListHandler handler = new BeanListHandler();
reader.setContentHandler(handler);
// 5.读取xml文档内容
reader.parse("src/book.xml");
List<Book> list = handler.getBooks();
System.out.println(list);
}
}
// 把xml文档中的每一本书封装到一个book对象中,并把多个book对象发到list集合中
class BeanListHandler extends DefaultHandler {
private List<Book> list = new ArrayList<Book>();
private String currentTag;
private Book book;
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
currentTag = qName;
if ("书".equals(currentTag)) {
book = new Book();
}
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
if ("书名".equals(currentTag)) {
String value = new String(ch, start, length);
book.setName(value);
}
if ("作者".equals(currentTag)) {
String value = new String(ch, start, length);
book.setAuthor(value);
}
if ("售价".equals(currentTag)) {
String value = new String(ch, start, length);
book.setPrice(value);
}
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
if (qName.equals("书")) {
list.add(book);
book = null;
}
currentTag = null;
}
public List<Book> getBooks() {
return list;
}
}