Ubuntu20.04 apt方式安装MySQL

Ubuntu中使用apt-get进行软件包管理：

安装：apt-get install name
更新：apt-get update name
卸载：apt-get remove name
查找：apt-cache search name

通过apt 安装MySQL会安装最新版

第一步：更新源

命令： sudo apt-get update

第二步：安装mysql服务

命令： sudo apt-get install mysql-server

第三步：初始化配置

命令： sudo mysql_secure_installation

配置项较多，如下所示：

1

VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords...
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: N (选择N ,不会进行密码的强校验)

2

Please set the password for root here...
New password: (输入密码)
Re-enter new password: (重复输入)

3

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them...
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y (选择Y，删除匿名用户)

4

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network...
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (选择N，允许root远程连接)

5

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access...
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (选择N，不删除test数据库)

6

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y (选择Y，修改权限立即生效)

第四步：检查mysql服务状态

systemctl status mysql.service

第五步：配置远程访问

1.配置 bind-address

在Ubuntu下MySQL缺省是只允许本地访问的，使用workbench连接工具是连不上的；
如果你要其他机器也能够访问的话，需要进行配置；找到 bind-address 修改值为 0.0.0.0(如果需要远程访问)

命令：
sudo vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
#找到 bind-address 修改值为 0.0.0.0(如果需要远程访问)

重启mysql命令：sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

2.登录MySQL

命令：sudo mysql -uroot -p
输入用户密码

3.切换数据库

命令：mysql>use mysql;

4.查询用户表命令：

命令：mysql>select User,authentication_string,Host from user;

5.查看状态

命令：select host,user,plugin from user;

6.设置权限与密码

命令：
mysql> ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY ‘密码’; #使用mysql_native_password修改加密规则
mysql> ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘密码’ PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; #更新一下用户的密码
mysql> UPDATE user SET host = ‘%’ WHERE user = ‘root’; #允许远程访问
#刷新cache中配置 刷新权限
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>quit;

第六步：开放端口

命令：
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 3306 -j ACCEPT

附：删除MySQL

1.在终端中查看MySQL的依赖项：dpkg --list|grep mysql

2.执行具体删除命令

命令：sudo apt-get remove XXXXX

其中 XXXXX分别为上图红色方块中的内容，比如：
sudo apt-get remove mysql-common

3.查看MySQL的剩余依赖项

命令：dpkg --list|grep mysql

4.继续删除剩余依赖项

命令：sudo apt-get autoremove --purge xxxx

其中xxxx为3中查看到的内容