6.1、构造器注入
4中已经说过了
6.2、Set方式注入(重点)
- 依赖注入:Set注入!
- 依赖:bean对象的创建依赖于容器
- 注入:bean对象中的所有属性,由容器来注入!
【环境搭建】
1.创建实体类
public class Address {
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" + "address='" + address + '\'' + '}';
}
}
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address address;
private String[] books;
private List<String> bobbys;
private Map<String,String> card;
private Set<String> games;
private String wife;
private Properties info;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String[] getBooks() {
return books;
}
public void setBooks(String[] books) {
this.books = books;
}
public List<String> getBobbys() {
return bobbys;
}
public void setBobbys(List<String> bobbys) {
this.bobbys = bobbys;
}
public Map<String, String> getCard() {
return card;
}
public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
this.card = card;
}
public Set<String> getGames() {
return games;
}
public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
this.games = games;
}
public String getWife() {
return wife;
}
public void setWife(String wife) {
this.wife = wife;
}
public Properties getInfo() {
return info;
}
public void setInfo(Properties info) {
this.info = info;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", address=" + address.toString() + ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) + ", bobbys=" + bobbys + ", card=" + card + ", games=" + games + ", wife='" + wife + '\'' + ", info=" + info + '}';
}
}
2.bean注入
<bean id="address" class="com.raymond.pojo.Address">
<property name="address" value="西安"/>
</bean>
<bean id="student" class="com.raymond.pojo.Student">
<!--普通值注入,value-->
<property name="name" value="RayMond"/>
<!--Bean注入,ref-->
<property name="address" ref="address"/>
<!--数组注入-->
<property name="books">
<array>
<value>西游记</value>
<value>水浒传</value>
<value>红楼梦</value>
<value>三国演义</value>
</array>
</property>
<!--List注入-->
<property name="bobbys">
<list>
<value>足球</value>
<value>看电影</value>
<value>敲代码</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--Map注入-->
<property name="card">
<map>
<entry key="身份证" value="111111222222223333"/>
<entry key="银行卡" value="1231546465132131321"/>
</map>
</property>
<!--Set注入-->
<property name="games">
<set>
<value>LOL</value>
<value>Stream</value>
</set>
</property>
<!--NUll注入-->
<property name="wife">
<null/>
</property>
<!--properties注入-->
<property name="info">
<props>
<prop key="学号">123456789</prop>
<prop key="班级">122203</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
3.输出结果
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
System.out.println(student.toString());
}
Student{name='RayMond', address=Address{address='null'}, books=[西游记, 水浒传, 红楼梦, 三国演义], bobbys=[足球, 看电影, 敲代码], card={身份证=111111222222223333, 银行卡=1231546465132131321}, games=[LOL, Stream], wife='null', info={学号=123456789, 班级=122203}}
6.3、P命名空间
可以直接注入属性的值:property
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean name="classic" class="com.example.ExampleBean">
<property name="email" value="someone@somewhere.com"/>
</bean>
<bean name="p-namespace" class="com.example.ExampleBean"
p:email="someone@somewhere.com"/>
</beans>
6.4、C命名空间
通过构造器注入,constructor-arg
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="beanTwo" class="x.y.ThingTwo"/>
<bean id="beanThree" class="x.y.ThingThree"/>
<!-- traditional declaration with optional argument names -->
<bean id="beanOne" class="x.y.ThingOne">
<constructor-arg name="thingTwo" ref="beanTwo"/>
<constructor-arg name="thingThree" ref="beanThree"/>
<constructor-arg name="email" value="something@somewhere.com"/>
</bean>
<!-- c-namespace declaration with argument names -->
<bean id="beanOne" class="x.y.ThingOne" c:thingTwo-ref="beanTwo"
c:thingThree-ref="beanThree" c:email="something@somewhere.com"/>
</beans>
注意点,P命名空间和C命名空间不能直接使用,必须导入依赖
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
6.5、Bean的作用域
1.单例模式(Spring默认机制)
<bean id="accountService" class="com.something.DefaultAccountService" scope="singleton"/>
2.原型模式(每次从容器中get的时候,都会产生一个新的对象!)
<bean id="accountService" class="com.something.DefaultAccountService" scope="prototype"/>
3.其余的request、session、application 这些只能在web开发中使用到!
7、Bean的自动装配
- 自动装配是Spring满足Bean依赖的一种方式
- Spring会在上下文中自动寻找,并自动给bean装配属性!
在Spring中有三中装配的方式
1.在xml中显示的装配
2.在java中显示配置
3.隐式的自动装配bean【重要!!!】
7.1、ByName自动装配和ByType自动装配
<bean id="address" class="com.raymond.pojo.Address" autowire="byType">
<property name="address" value="西安"/>
</bean>
- 使用byName的时候,需要保证所有的bean的id唯一,并且这个bean需要和自动注入的属性的set方法的值一致!
- 使用byType的时候,需要保证所有的bean的class唯一,并且这个bean需要和自动注入的属性的属性类型一致!
7.2、使用注解实现自动装配
jdk1.5支持的注解,Spring2.5就支持注解了。
The introduction of annotation-based configuration raised the question of whether this approach is “better” than XML.
使用须知:
1.导入约束,context约束
2.配置注解的支持:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
</beans>
@Autowired直接在属性上使用即可。
使用Autowired我们可以不用编写set方法了,前提是这个自动装配的属性在IOC(Spring)容器中存在,且符合名字byName。
科普
@Nullable 字段标注了这个注解,说明这个字段可以为null
@Qualifier("main") 如果自动装配无法通过一个注解完成,我们可以使用Qualifier来配合Autowired使用,指定一个唯一的bean对象注入
@Resource java的注解
小结:
@Resource和@Autowired的区别
- 都是用来自动装配的,都可以房子啊属性字段上
- @Autowired通过byType的方式实现,而且必须要求这个对象存在【常用】
- @Resource默认通过byName的方式实现,如果找不到名字,则通过byType实现!如果两个都找不到,报错!【常用】