2017年10月26日笔记

[root@localhost pts]# who am i
root     pts/3        2017-10-26 08:47 (192.168.30.1)
[root@localhost pts]# who
root     tty1         2017-10-24 19:32
root     pts/3        2017-10-26 08:47 (192.168.30.1)
root     pts/4        2017-10-26 08:49 (192.168.30.1)
[root@localhost pts]# w
 09:24:55 up 16:43,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     tty1                      Tue19    7:19   0.48s  0.48s -bash
root     pts/3    192.168.30.1     08:47    7.00s  0.10s  0.00s w
root     pts/4    192.168.30.1     08:49   23:27   0.02s  0.00s write root pts/3
[root@localhost pts]# write root pts/4
please keep quit^H^H^H
^C[root@localhost pts]# lastlog
Username         Port     From             Latest
root             pts/4    192.168.30.1     Thu Oct 26 08:49:56 +0800 2017
bin                                        **Never logged in**
daemon                                     **Never logged in**
adm                                        **Never logged in**
lp                                         **Never logged in**
sync                                       **Never logged in**
shutdown                                   **Never logged in**
halt                                       **Never logged in**
mail                                       **Never logged in**
operator                                   **Never logged in**
games                                      **Never logged in**
ftp                                        **Never logged in**
nobody                                     **Never logged in**
systemd-network                            **Never logged in**
dbus                                       **Never logged in**
polkitd                                    **Never logged in**
postfix                                    **Never logged in**
sshd                                       **Never logged in**
lzc                                        **Never logged in**
[root@localhost pts]# last
root     pts/4        192.168.30.1     Thu Oct 26 08:49   still logged in   
root     pts/3        192.168.30.1     Thu Oct 26 08:47   still logged in   
root     pts/2        192.168.30.1     Wed Oct 25 15:54 - 09:20  (17:26)   
root     tty1                          Tue Oct 24 19:32   still logged in   
reboot   system boot  3.10.0-693.el7.x Tue Oct 24 19:32 - 09:26 (1+13:53)  
wtmp begins Tue Oct 24 19:32:30 2017

$( )中放的是命令，相当于` `，例如todaydate=$(date +%Y%m%d)意思是执行date命令，返回执行结果给变量todaydate，也可以写为todaydate=`date +%Y%m%d`；

${ }中放的是变量，例如echo ${PATH}取PATH变量的值并打印，也可以不加括号比如$PATH。

root@localhost ~]# echo $(date)
Thu Oct 26 09:56:13 CST 2017
[root@localhost ~]# date +%F
2017-10-26
[root@localhost ~]# date +%F -d 1day
2017-10-27
[root@localhost ~]# date +%F -d -1day
2017-10-25
[root@localhost ~]# `date +%F`
-bash: 2017-10-26: command not found
[root@localhost ~]# echo `date`
Thu Oct 26 09:58:54 CST 2017
[root@localhost ~]# echo `date +%F`
2017-10-26
[root@localhost ~]# echo `date +%F`todya
2017-10-26todya

数组定义：用 a=（0 1 2 3），打印用 echo  ${a[1]}

2>&1和1> 2>的用法

[root@localhost ~]# ls a>test.f 2>&1 
[root@localhost ~]# cat test.f
ls: cannot access a: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# ls a     2>>test.f
[root@localhost ~]# cat test.f
ls: cannot access a: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access a: No such file or directory


　孤儿进程：一个父进程退出，而它的一个或多个子进程还在运行，那么那些子进程将成为孤儿进程。孤儿进程将被init进程(进程号为1)所收养，并由init进程对它们完成状态收集工作。

　　僵尸进程：一个进程使用fork创建子进程，如果子进程退出，而父进程并没有调用wait或waitpid获取子进程的状态信息，那么子进程的进程描述符仍然保存在系统中。这种进程称之为僵死进程。

#locale -a  查看已经安装的语言包

#locale     查看当前系统的语言环境