专升本C语言学习--第九章 结构体

第九章 结构体

构体就是用户自定义数据类型。

结构体一般格式

struct
1.
struct 结构体名称{
成员列表;
};
注意：结构体后加 ；

// 2020/11/16
// C
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
//学生类型：学号，姓名，性别m,f
struct Student {
  int id;
  char name[20];
  char sex;
};
int main() {
  struct Student stu_1; // int a;
  stu_1.id = 12;
  strcpy(stu_1.name, "liangyuxuan");
  stu_1.sex = 'M';
  printf("name:%s,id=%d,sex=%c\n", stu_1.name, stu_1.id, stu_1.sex);
  struct Student stu_2; // int a;
  stu_2.id = 13;
  strcpy(stu_2.name, "liangpi");
  stu_2.sex = 'F';
  printf("name:%s,id=%d,sex=%c\n", stu_2.name, stu_2.id, stu_2.sex);
  return 0;
}

2.
struct 结构体名称{
成员列表;
}变量名称;

// 2020/11/16
// C
#include <stdio.h>
//学生类型：学号，姓名，性别m,f
struct Student {
  int id;
  char name[20];
  char sex;
} stu_3 = {12, "liangpi", 'F'};
int main() {
  printf("name:%s,id=%d,sex=%c\n", stu_3.name, stu_3.id, stu_3.sex);
  return 0;
}

struct {
成员列表;
}变量名称;

// 2020/11/16
// C
#include <stdio.h>
//学生类型：学号，姓名，性别m,f
struct {
  int id;
  char name[20];
  char sex;
} stu_4 = {12, "liangpi", 'F'};
int main() {
  printf("name:%s,id=%d,sex=%c\n", stu_4.name, stu_4.id, stu_4.sex);
  return 0;
}

结构体数组

// 2020/11/16
// C
#include <stdio.h>
//学生类型：学号，姓名，性别m,f
struct Student {
  int id;
  char name[20];
  char sex;
};
int main() {
  struct Student stu[5] = {
      {12, "bob", 'M'},   {13, "lily", 'F'}, {14, "mike", 'M'},
      {15, "liang", 'F'}, {16, "wang", 'M'},
  };
  for (int i = 0; i <= sizeof(stu)-sizeof(Student)-1; i++) {
    printf("name:%s,id=%d,sex=%c\n", stu[i].name, stu[i].id, stu[i].sex);
  }
  return 0;
}

typedef取别名

// 2020/11/16
// C
// typedef 取别名
#include <stdio.h>
typedef int dog;
int main() {
  dog a;
  a = 1;
  printf("%d\n", a);
  return 0;
}

// 2020/11/16
// C
// typedef 取别名
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef int dog;
typedef struct Student {
  int id;
  char name[20];
  char sex;
} Stu;
int main() {
  Stu stu_1;
  stu_1.id = 12;
  strcpy(stu_1.name, "liangyuxuan");
  stu_1.sex = 'M';
  printf("name:%s,id=%d,sex=%c\n", stu_1.name, stu_1.id, stu_1.sex);
  return 0;
}

结构体指针

// 2020/11/16
// C
// 结构体指针
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct Student {
  int id;
  char name[20];
  char sex;
} Stu;
int main() {
  Stu stu_1;
  Stu *p;
  p = &stu_1;
  stu_1.id = 12;
  strcpy(stu_1.name, "liangyuxuan");
  stu_1.sex = 'M';
  printf("常规：name:%s,id=%d,sex=%c\n", stu_1.name, stu_1.id, stu_1.sex);
  printf("指针：name:%s,id=%d,sex=%c\n", (*p).name, (*p).id, (*p).sex);
  printf("指向：name:%s,id=%d,sex=%c\n", p->name, p->id, p->sex);
  return 0;
}