numpy

data=np.array([1,2,3])
data
array([1, 2, 3])

1.数组拆分

垂直拆分:numpy.vsplit(数组,份数)

c=np.arange(1,13).reshape(6,2)
c
array([[ 1,  2],
       [ 3,  4],
       [ 5,  6],
       [ 7,  8],
       [ 9, 10],
       [11, 12]])
np.vsplit(c,3)
[array([[1, 2],
        [3, 4]]),
 array([[5, 6],
        [7, 8]]),
 array([[ 9, 10],
        [11, 12]])]

水平拆分:numpy.hsplit(数组,分数)

d=c.T
d
array([[ 1,  3,  5,  7,  9, 11],
       [ 2,  4,  6,  8, 10, 12]])
np.hsplit(d,3)
[array([[1, 3],
        [2, 4]]),
 array([[5, 7],
        [6, 8]]),
 array([[ 9, 11],
        [10, 12]])]

堆叠:numpy.dstack()

a=np.arange(11,20).reshape(-1,1)
a
array([[11],
       [12],
       [13],
       [14],
       [15],
       [16],
       [17],
       [18],
       [19]])
b=np.arange(21,30).reshape(-1,1)
b
array([[21],
       [22],
       [23],
       [24],
       [25],
       [26],
       [27],
       [28],
       [29]])
e=np.dstack((a,b))
e
array([[[11, 21]],

       [[12, 22]],

       [[13, 23]],

       [[14, 24]],

       [[15, 25]],

       [[16, 26]],

       [[17, 27]],

       [[18, 28]],

       [[19, 29]]])

拆分:numpy.dsplit(数组,份数)

np.dsplit(e,2)
[array([[[11]],
 
        [[12]],
 
        [[13]],
 
        [[14]],
 
        [[15]],
 
        [[16]],
 
        [[17]],
 
        [[18]],
 
        [[19]]]),
 array([[[21]],
 
        [[22]],
 
        [[23]],
 
        [[24]],
 
        [[25]],
 
        [[26]],
 
        [[27]],
 
        [[28]],
 
        [[29]]])]
灵活选择应用
inistate=np.array([1,2,3,4])
pre_inistate=inistate[0:3]
pre_inistate
array([1, 2, 3])

numpy 基本加减和取行操作

import numpy as np
a=np.array([1,1,1,1])
b=np.array([[1],[1],[1],[1]])
a+b
array([[2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2]])
c=np.array([[1,1,1,1]])
c+b
array([[2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2]])

取W的第一列

W=np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2]])
W[:,1]
array([1, 2])

取W的第一行

W[1]
array([2, 2, 2])

替换第一列

W[:,1]=np.array([5,5])
W
array([[1, 5, 1],
       [2, 5, 2]])

矩阵删除delet、插入insert、尾部添加append操作

delete()函数

import numpy as np
matrix=[[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]]

p1=np.delete(matrix,1,0)
print('>>>>p1>>>>\n',p1)

p2 = np.delete(matrix, 1, 1)
print('>>>>p2>>>>\n',p2)

p3 = np.delete(matrix, 1)
print('>>>p3>>>>\n',p3)

p4 = np.delete(matrix, [0,1], 1)
print('>>>>p4>>>>\n',p4)
>>>>p1>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 9 10 11 12]]
>>>>p2>>>>
 [[ 1  3  4]
 [ 5  7  8]
 [ 9 11 12]]
>>>p3>>>>
 [ 1  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12]
>>>>p4>>>>
 [[ 3  4]
 [ 7  8]
 [11 12]]

insert()函数

import numpy as np
matrix=[[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]]

q1=np.insert(matrix,1,[1,1,1,1],0)
print('>>>>q1>>>>\n',q1)
>>>>q1>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 1  1  1  1]
 [ 5  6  7  8]
 [ 9 10 11 12]]
q2 = np.insert(matrix, 0, [1,1,1], 1)
print('>>>>q2>>>>\n',q2)
>>>>q2>>>>
 [[ 1  1  2  3  4]
 [ 1  5  6  7  8]
 [ 1  9 10 11 12]]
q3 = np.insert(matrix, 3, [1,1,1,1], 0)
print('>>>>q3>>>>\n',q3)
>>>>q3>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 5  6  7  8]
 [ 9 10 11 12]
 [ 1  1  1  1]]

append()函数

matrix=[[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]]
m1=np.append(matrix,[[1,1,1,1]],axis=0)
print('>>>>m1>>>>\n',m1)
>>>>m1>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 5  6  7  8]
 [ 9 10 11 12]
 [ 1  1  1  1]]
m2 = np.append(matrix,[[1],[1],[1]],axis=1)
print('>>>>m2>>>>\n',m2)
>>>>m2>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4  1]
 [ 5  6  7  8  1]
 [ 9 10 11 12  1]]
m3 = np.append(matrix,[1,1,1,1])
print('>>>>m3>>>>\n',m3)
>>>>m3>>>>
 [ 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  1  1  1]

np.random.choice(a,size, replace, p)

import numpy as np
a1=np.random.choice(7,5)
a1
array([1, 2, 1, 0, 6])
a2 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5)
a2
array([2, 1, 0, 2, 6])
a3 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5)
a3
array([0, 3, 3, 4, 0])
a4 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5,replace=False)
a4
array([1, 5, 3, 2, 0])
a5 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5,p=[0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.4])
a5
array([6, 6, 1, 0, 4])

np.argmax(a, axis=None, out=None)

import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2],[0,3,6]])
a
array([[1, 1, 1],
       [2, 2, 2],
       [0, 3, 6]])
b1 = np.argmax(a)
b1
8
b2 = np.argmax(a, axis=0)
b2
array([1, 2, 2], dtype=int64)
b3=np.argmax(a,axis=1)
b3
array([0, 0, 2], dtype=int64)

*的作用

y1=np.linspace(-10.0,10.0)
y1
array([-10.        ,  -9.59183673,  -9.18367347,  -8.7755102 ,
        -8.36734694,  -7.95918367,  -7.55102041,  -7.14285714,
        -6.73469388,  -6.32653061,  -5.91836735,  -5.51020408,
        -5.10204082,  -4.69387755,  -4.28571429,  -3.87755102,
        -3.46938776,  -3.06122449,  -2.65306122,  -2.24489796,
        -1.83673469,  -1.42857143,  -1.02040816,  -0.6122449 ,
        -0.20408163,   0.20408163,   0.6122449 ,   1.02040816,
         1.42857143,   1.83673469,   2.24489796,   2.65306122,
         3.06122449,   3.46938776,   3.87755102,   4.28571429,
         4.69387755,   5.10204082,   5.51020408,   5.91836735,
         6.32653061,   6.73469388,   7.14285714,   7.55102041,
         7.95918367,   8.36734694,   8.7755102 ,   9.18367347,
         9.59183673,  10.        ])
y2 = np.linspace(1,10,10)
y2
array([ 1.,  2.,  3.,  4.,  5.,  6.,  7.,  8.,  9., 10.])
y3 = np.linspace(1,10,10,endpoint=False)
y3
array([1. , 1.9, 2.8, 3.7, 4.6, 5.5, 6.4, 7.3, 8.2, 9.1])
y4= np.linspace(1, 10, 6, retstep=True)
y4
(array([ 1. ,  2.8,  4.6,  6.4,  8.2, 10. ]), 1.8)

拉平操作 ravel()、faltten()、reshape(1,-1)、[None,:] 操作

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[1,2,3]])
x.flatten()
array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3])
x.ravel()
array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3])
x.ravel('F')
array([1, 4, 1, 2, 5, 2, 3, 6, 3])
x.flatten('F')
array([1, 4, 1, 2, 5, 2, 3, 6, 3])
x.flatten()[1]=20
x
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 6],
       [1, 2, 3]])
x.ravel()[1]=20
x
array([[ 1, 20,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6],
       [ 1,  2,  3]])
x.reshape(1,-1)
array([[ 1, 20,  3,  4,  5,  6,  1,  2,  3]])
x[:,None]
array([[1],
       [2],
       [3],
       [6],
       [7],
       [8]])
x[np.newaxis, :] 
array([[1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8]])

np.prod() 计算元素乘积

x = np.array([[1,2,3],[2,3,4]])
np.prod(x)
144
np.prod(x,axis=1)
array([ 6, 24])
np.prod(x,axis=0)
array([ 2,  6, 12])

maximum() 函数 、minimum() 函数,以及 矩阵操作

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x
array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])
y1=np.maximum(0,x)
y1
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [0, 2, 4],
       [5, 0, 9]])
y2=np.minimum(0,x)
y2
array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])
x1=x.copy()
x1
array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])
x1[x1<0]=0
x1
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [0, 2, 4],
       [5, 0, 9]])
x2=x.copy()
x2[x2>0]=0
x2
array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])

numpy中的矩阵copy

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x
array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])
x1 = x.copy()
x1[x1 > 0] = 0
x1
array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])
x
array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])
x2=x
x2
array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])
x2[x2>0] = 0
x2
array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])
x
array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x3 = x[2]
x3
array([ 5, -2,  9])
x3[2] = 100
x
array([[  1,   2,   3],
       [ -3,   2,   4],
       [  5,  -2, 100]])

np.zeros_like()构造全零矩阵,无需指定大小

x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
np.zeros_like(x)
array([[0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0]])

np.random.rand() 生成均匀分布矩阵

n = np.random.rand(3,4)
n
array([[0.55070942, 0.11264475, 0.23473387, 0.54733659],
       [0.93090094, 0.59149757, 0.15154385, 0.17706474],
       [0.46473289, 0.58075965, 0.39459407, 0.17146212]])

np.random.randn() 生成正太分布矩阵

x = np.random.randn(2,3)
x
array([[-0.01372408,  1.12456958, -0.30401023],
       [ 0.35689285,  0.58811853,  1.29256879]])
y = np.multiply(0.1,np.random.randn(2,3))+0.5
y
array([[0.36393121, 0.58014514, 0.45773994],
       [0.49480454, 0.50189164, 0.39766901]])

np.randm.randint() 生成离散均匀分布的整数值组成的矩阵

z = np.random.randint(2,9,(2,3))
z
array([[5, 3, 8],
       [6, 7, 3]])
m = np.random.randint(9,size = (2,3))
m
array([[2, 0, 7],
       [0, 0, 7]])

python 断言 assert

x = 'You are right'
type(x)
str
assert type(x)==str,'x is not str'
x = [1,2,3]
type(x)
list
assert type(x)==str,'x is not str'
Traceback (most recent call last):
File"",line 1,in
AssertionError: x is not str
  File "<ipython-input-82-9fc458b9836c>", line 2
    Traceback (most recent call last):
                    ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

np.pad()函数进行padding操作

A=np.arange(95,99).reshape(2,2)
A
array([[95, 96],
       [97, 98]])
np.pad(A,((3,2),(2,3)),'constant',constant_values = (0,0))
array([[ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0, 95, 96,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0, 97, 98,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0]])
b=np.array([[[1,2],[3,4]],[[3,4],[7,8]],[[4,5],[1,2]]])
b
array([[[1, 2],
        [3, 4]],

       [[3, 4],
        [7, 8]],

       [[4, 5],
        [1, 2]]])
np.pad(b,((0,0),(1,1),(1,1)),'constant', constant_values = 0)
array([[[0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 1, 2, 0],
        [0, 3, 4, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0]],

       [[0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 3, 4, 0],
        [0, 7, 8, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0]],

       [[0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 4, 5, 0],
        [0, 1, 2, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0]]])

numpy.empty() 创建指定形状和数据类型且未初始化的数组

x=np.empty([3,2],dtype=int)
x
array([[-1860791888,         531],
       [          0,           0],
       [     131074,           0]])

np.full 用于形成元素全为某元素的矩阵

c = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
c
array([[1, 2],
       [3, 4]])
c.astype(np.float32)
array([[1., 2.],
       [3., 4.]], dtype=float32)

np.meshgrid() 快速生成网格

x = np.array([1,3,5])
y = np.array([4,6])
XX,YY = np.meshgrid(x,y)
XX
array([[1, 3, 5],
       [1, 3, 5]])
YY
array([[4, 4, 4],
       [6, 6, 6]])

np.hstack() 和 np.vstack() 用于堆叠矩阵

x = np.array([[3,4,5],[1,3,4]])
y = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2]])
np.hstack((x,y))
array([[3, 4, 5, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 3, 4, 2, 2, 2]])
np.vstack((x,y))
array([[3, 4, 5],
       [1, 3, 4],
       [1, 1, 1],
       [2, 2, 2]])

np.floor 向下取整 np.ceil 向上取整

a = np.array([0.125,0.568,5.688])
np.round(a) 
array([0., 1., 6.])
np.round(a,decimals = 2)
array([0.12, 0.57, 5.69])
np.floor(a) 
array([0., 0., 5.])
np.ceil(a)
array([1., 1., 6.])

python 广播机制

a=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
a=np.array([[1,2,3,6],[4,5,6,6]])
a1=a.reshape((1,2,4))
a1
array([[[1, 2, 3, 6],
        [4, 5, 6, 6]]])
b=np.array([[3,4,5,6],[1,2,3,4],[4,5,5,5]])
b
array([[3, 4, 5, 6],
       [1, 2, 3, 4],
       [4, 5, 5, 5]])
b1=b.reshape((1,3,4)).transpose((1,0,2))
b1
array([[[3, 4, 5, 6]],

       [[1, 2, 3, 4]],

       [[4, 5, 5, 5]]])
a1
array([[[1, 2, 3, 6],
        [4, 5, 6, 6]]])
a1+b1
array([[[ 4,  6,  8, 12],
        [ 7,  9, 11, 12]],

       [[ 2,  4,  6, 10],
        [ 5,  7,  9, 10]],

       [[ 5,  7,  8, 11],
        [ 8, 10, 11, 11]]])

numpy.transpose()转置

c=np.array([[[1,2,5],[3,4,6]],[[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]])
c
array([[[1, 2, 5],
        [3, 4, 6]],

       [[4, 5, 6],
        [7, 8, 9]]])
c.transpose(1,0,2)
array([[[1, 2, 5],
        [4, 5, 6]],

       [[3, 4, 6],
        [7, 8, 9]]])
c.transpose(1,2,0)
array([[[1, 4],
        [2, 5],
        [5, 6]],

       [[3, 7],
        [4, 8],
        [6, 9]]])
a=np.array([2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7])
a[0:7:2]
array([2, 3, 5, 6])
a=np.array([2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7])
a[0::2]
array([2, 3, 5, 6])
a[::-1]
array([7, 6, 5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2])
a=np.array([2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7])
s=slice(0,7,2)
a[s]
array([2, 3, 5, 6])
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