Spring-依赖注入原理

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-11 17:21:54 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-11 17:21:54 发布

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分类专栏：开发框架文章标签： spring

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/liberty12345678/article/details/82224956

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使用构造器注入
使用属性setter方法注入
使用Field注入（用于注解方式）

注入依赖对象可以采用手工装配或自动装配，在实际应用中建议使用手工装配，因为自动装配会产生未知情况,开发人员无法预见最终的装配结果。

1.手工装配依赖对象
2.自动装配依赖对象

在Spring学习笔记（3）中剖析了Spring管理Bean的原理，下面解释下Spring依赖注入的原理

在进行依赖注入时，我们的配置文件如下配置：

Xml代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    <bean id="mySqlDAO" class="com.szy.spring.dao.UserDAO4MySqlImpl"/>
    <bean id="oracleDAO" class="com.szy.spring.dao.UserDAO4OracleImpl"/>
    <bean id="userService" class="com.szy.spring.service.UserServiceImpl">
        
        <property name="userDAO" ref="oracleDAO"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="mySqlDAO" class="com.szy.spring.dao.UserDAO4MySqlImpl"/>
<bean id="oracleDAO" class="com.szy.spring.dao.UserDAO4OracleImpl"/>
<bean id="userService" class="com.szy.spring.service.UserServiceImpl">
  
  <property name="userDAO" ref="oracleDAO"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
根据配置文件信息，我们首先需要建立一个Bean类，用来保存bean节点的信息：

Java代码
package com.szy.spring.bean;

import java.util.List;

public class Bean
{
    private String id;
    private String className;
    private List<Property> propertyList;
    public Bean(String id, String className, List<Property> propertyList)
    {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.className = className;
        this.propertyList = propertyList;
    }
    public String getId()
    {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(String id)
    {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getClassName()
    {
        return className;
    }
    public void setClassName(String className)
    {
        this.className = className;
    }
    public List<Property> getPropertyList()
    {
        return propertyList;
    }
    public void setPropertyList(List<Property> propertyList)
    {
        this.propertyList = propertyList;
    }
}

package com.szy.spring.bean;

import java.util.List;

public class Bean
{
private String id;
    private String className;
    private List<Property> propertyList;
public Bean(String id, String className, List<Property> propertyList)
{
  super();
  this.id = id;
  this.className = className;
  this.propertyList = propertyList;
}
public String getId()
    {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(String id)
    {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getClassName()
    {
        return className;
    }
    public void setClassName(String className)
    {
        this.className = className;
    }
public List<Property> getPropertyList()
{
  return propertyList;
}
public void setPropertyList(List<Property> propertyList)
{
  this.propertyList = propertyList;
}
}
此外，由于bean下存在property信息，因此我们还需要建立property类

Java代码
package com.szy.spring.bean;

public class Property
{
    private String name;
    private String ref;

    public Property(String name, String ref)
    {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.ref = ref;
    }
    public String getName()
    {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getRef()
    {
        return ref;
    }
    public void setRef(String ref)
    {
        this.ref = ref;
    }

}

package com.szy.spring.bean;

public class Property
{
private String name;
private String ref;

public Property(String name, String ref)
{
  super();
  this.name = name;
  this.ref = ref;
}
public String getName()
{
  return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
  this.name = name;
}
public String getRef()
{
  return ref;
}
public void setRef(String ref)
{
  this.ref = ref;
}

}

在Spring学习笔记（3）中，我们在读取xml文件时bean节点下面是不存在property节点的，因此在这里我们需要修改readXML()方法：

Java代码
/**
     * 读取xml配置文件
     * @param fileName 配置文件名
     */
    private void readXML(String fileName)
    {
        // 寻找配置文件
        URL xmlPath = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(fileName);
        Document doc = null;
        Element root = null;
        try
        {
            SAXBuilder sb = new SAXBuilder(false);
            doc = sb.build(new FileInputStream(new File(xmlPath.toURI())));
            // 设置命名空间
            Namespace xhtml = Namespace.getNamespace("xhtml",
                    "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans");
            root = doc.getRootElement(); // 获取根元素
            List<Element> bList = root.getChildren("bean", xhtml); //获取全部bean节点
            for (Element beanElement : bList)// 遍历节点，取得每个节点的属性
            {
                String id = beanElement.getAttributeValue("id");
                String className = beanElement.getAttributeValue("class");
                //获得每个bean下面的属性
                List<Element> pList = beanElement
                        .getChildren("property", xhtml);
                List<Property> propertyList = new ArrayList<Property>(); //存储属性信息
                if (pList.size() > 0) //如果存在属性
                {
                    for (Element propertyElement : pList) //遍历属性节点
                    {
                        String name = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("name");
                        String ref = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("ref");
                        Property property = new Property(name, ref);
                        propertyList.add(property); //保存属性节点
                    }
                }
                Bean bean = new Bean(id, className, propertyList);
                beanList.add(bean);
            }

        } catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

/**
* 读取xml配置文件
* @param fileName 配置文件名
*/
private void readXML(String fileName)
{
  // 寻找配置文件
  URL xmlPath = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(fileName);
  Document doc = null;
  Element root = null;
  try
  {
   SAXBuilder sb = new SAXBuilder(false);
   doc = sb.build(new FileInputStream(new File(xmlPath.toURI())));
   // 设置命名空间
   Namespace xhtml = Namespace.getNamespace("xhtml",
     "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans");
   root = doc.getRootElement(); // 获取根元素
   List<Element> bList = root.getChildren("bean", xhtml); //获取全部bean节点
   for (Element beanElement : bList)// 遍历节点，取得每个节点的属性
   {
    String id = beanElement.getAttributeValue("id");
    String className = beanElement.getAttributeValue("class");
    //获得每个bean下面的属性
    List<Element> pList = beanElement
      .getChildren("property", xhtml);
    List<Property> propertyList = new ArrayList<Property>(); //存储属性信息
    if (pList.size() > 0) //如果存在属性
    {
     for (Element propertyElement : pList) //遍历属性节点
     {
      String name = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("name");
      String ref = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("ref");
      Property property = new Property(name, ref);
      propertyList.add(property); //保存属性节点
     }
    }
    Bean bean = new Bean(id, className, propertyList);
    beanList.add(bean);
   }

  } catch (Exception e)
  {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
}
读取完配置文件后我们还是需要对bean进行实例化的，这方法和Spring学习笔记（3）中的instanceBeans()方法一样。下面就是我们需要给bean属性进行注入，实现方法如下：

Java代码
/**
     * 为bean对象的属性注入值
     */
    public void injectObject()
    {
        for (Bean bean : beanList)
        {
            Object object = beanObject.get(bean.getId()); //获取bean的实例
            if (object != null)
            {
                try
                {
                    PropertyDescriptor[] ps = Introspector.getBeanInfo(
                            object.getClass()).getPropertyDescriptors(); //取得bean的属性描述
                    for (Property property : bean.getPropertyList()) //获取bean节点的属性
                    {
                        for (PropertyDescriptor properdesc : ps)
                        {
                            if (property.getName().equals(properdesc.getName()))
                            {
                                Method setter = properdesc.getWriteMethod();//获取属性的setter方法 ,private
                                if (setter != null)
                                {
                                    Object value = beanObject.get(property.getRef()); //取得值
                                    setter.setAccessible(true); //设置为允许访问
                                    setter.invoke(object, value);//把引用对象注入到属性
                                }
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } catch (Exception e)
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

/**
* 为bean对象的属性注入值
*/
public void injectObject()
{
  for (Bean bean : beanList)
  {
   Object object = beanObject.get(bean.getId()); //获取bean的实例
   if (object != null)
   {
    try
    {
     PropertyDescriptor[] ps = Introspector.getBeanInfo(
       object.getClass()).getPropertyDescriptors(); //取得bean的属性描述
     for (Property property : bean.getPropertyList()) //获取bean节点的属性
     {
      for (PropertyDescriptor properdesc : ps)
      {
       if (property.getName().equals(properdesc.getName()))
       {
        Method setter = properdesc.getWriteMethod();//获取属性的setter方法 ,private
        if (setter != null)
        {
         Object value = beanObject.get(property.getRef()); //取得值
         setter.setAccessible(true); //设置为允许访问
         setter.invoke(object, value);//把引用对象注入到属性
        }
        break;
       }
      }
     }
    } catch (Exception e)
    {
     e.printStackTrace();
    }
   }
  }

我们进行测试：

Java代码
MyClassPathXMLApplicationContext ctx=new MyClassPathXMLApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserService service=(UserService)ctx.getBean("userService");
        service.show();

MyClassPathXMLApplicationContext ctx=new MyClassPathXMLApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
  UserService service=(UserService)ctx.getBean("userService");
  service.show();

运行输出

结果代码
OracleDAO Implement

OracleDAO Implement 上面仅是简单的演示了Spring依赖注入的原理，但是在实际操作中还需要考虑很对其它因素，在此就不进行讨论了。