matplotlib:条形图-散点图-直方图

目录

一.matplotlib常见问题总结

二.条形图

1.条形图

2.横向条形图

3. 多次条形图

三.散点图

四.直方图

1.直方图

2.用条形图画出直方图

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一.matplotlib常见问题总结

1.应该选择那种图形来呈现数据

2.matplotlib.plot(x,y)

3.matplotlib.bar(x,y)

4.matplotlib.scatter(x,y)

5.matplotlib.hist(data,bins)

6.xticks和yticks的设置

7.label和titile,grid的设置

8.绘图的大小和保存图片

二.条形图

1.条形图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

a=["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：\n最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：\n死无对证","金刚：\n骷髅岛","极限特工：\n终极回归","生化危机6：\n终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：\n殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：\n英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
my_font=font_manager.FontProperties(fname="/System/Library/Fonts/PingFang.ttc")

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.bar(range(len(a)),b,width=0.5) #绘图时要传入数据，传入x轴和y轴

plt.xticks(range(len(a)),a,rotation=270,fontproperties=my_font)#对x轴上的数据进行变换
plt.savefig("./条形图.jpg")

plt.show()

2.横向条形图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

a=["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
my_font=font_manager.FontProperties(fname="/System/Library/Fonts/PingFang.ttc")

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.barh(range(len(a)),b,height=0.5,color="orange")#绘图时要传入数据，注意此时的书写顺序

plt.yticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties=my_font)#注意此时是对y轴上的数据进行变换

plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.savefig("./横着的条形图.jpg")
plt.show()

 

3. 多次条形图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]

my_font=font_manager.FontProperties(fname="/System/Library/Fonts/PingFang.ttc")

bar_width=0.2

x_14=list(range(len(a)))
x_15=[i+bar_width for i in x_14]#x右移
x_16=[i+bar_width*2 for i in x_14]

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.bar(x_14,b_14,width=bar_width,label="9月14日",color="red")
plt.bar(x_15,b_15,width=bar_width,label="9月15日")#条柱的宽度要与右移的宽度保持一致
plt.bar(x_16,b_16,width=bar_width,label="9月16日")

plt.xticks(x_15,a,fontproperties=my_font)

plt.legend(prop=my_font,loc="upper right")
plt.savefig("./多次条形图.jpg")

plt.show()

三.散点图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
y_3=[11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
y_10=[26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]
x_3=range(1,32)
x_10=range(51,82)

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.scatter(x_3,y_3,label="三月份")
plt.scatter(x_10,y_3,label="十月份")#x右移，将两部分分开

_x=list(x_3)+list(x_10)
_xtick_labels=["3月{}日".format(i) for i in x_3]
_xtick_labels+=["10月{}日".format(i-50) for i in x_10]
my_font=font_manager.FontProperties(fname="/System/Library/Fonts/PingFang.ttc")
plt.xticks(_x[::3],_xtick_labels[::3],rotation=45,fontproperties=my_font)#对x轴上的信息进行调整

plt.xlabel("时间",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("温度",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("标题",fontproperties=my_font)

plt.legend(loc="upper left",prop=my_font)
plt.savefig("./散点图.jpg")
plt.show()

 

四.直方图

1.直方图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]
d=3
dis=max(a)-min(a)
num_bin=dis//d#可以被整除
print(min(a),max(a),max(a)-min(a))
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.hist(a,num_bin,density=1)

plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d))
plt.grid()
plt.savefig("./直方图.jpg")
plt.show()

 

2.用条形图画出直方图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
interval = [0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,60,90]
width = [5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,15,30,60]
quantity = [836,2737,3723,3926,3596,1438,3273,642,824,613,215,47]
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
plt.bar(range(12),quantity,width=1)#画出条形图
_x=[i-0.5 for i in range(13)]
_xtick_labels=interval+[150]
plt.xticks(_x,_xtick_labels)#对条形图的x轴重定义；第一个列表指明位置，第二个列表用于替换对应位置
plt.grid(alpha=0.4,linestyle="--")
plt.savefig("./条形图画出直方图.jpg")
plt.show()