本文介绍何如在hive中创建表以及加载数据
建表语法:
CREATE [TEMPORARY] [EXTERNAL] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db_name.] table_name
[(col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ...)]
[COMMENT table_comment]
[ROW FORMAT row_format]
[STORED AS file_format]
例如创建一个包含int类型的eid,String类型的name,String类型的salary,String类型的destination,并以tab制表符按列分割,\n按行分割的员工表:
hive> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS employee (eid int, name String,salary String, destination String)
COMMENT ‘Employee details’
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\t’
LINES TERMINATED BY ‘\n’
STORED AS TEXTFILE;
Java编程方式创建hive表:
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
public class HiveCreateTable {
private static String driverName = "org.apache.hadoop.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver";
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
// Register driver and create driver instance
Class.forName(driverName);
// get connection
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:hive://localhost:10000/userdb", "", "");
// create statement
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
// execute statement
stmt.executeQuery("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
+" employee ( eid int, name String, "
+" salary String, destignation String)"
+" COMMENT ‘Employee details’"
+" ROW FORMAT DELIMITED"
+" FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\t’"
+" LINES TERMINATED BY ‘\n’"
+" STORED AS TEXTFILE;");
System.out.println(“ Table employee created.”);
con.close();
}
}
加载数据:
一般来说,在SQL创建表后,我们可以使用insert语句插入数据。但在hive中,我们可以使用Load Data加载数据到hive表中。
插入数据到hive表中时,最好使用 LOAD DATA加载大量数据。
有两种方法来加载数据:一个是来自本地文件系统,其次是Hadoop文件系统。
LOAD DATA加载数据语法:
LOAD DATA [LOCAL] INPATH 'filepath' [OVERWRITE] INTO TABLE tablename
[PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...)]
其中:
LOCAL用来指定本地路径,是可选的。
OVERWRITE用来覆盖表中的数据,是可选的。
PARTITION 分区,是可选的。
例如:我们将以下数据插入到表中。这是一个在/ home / user目录中,文件名为sample.txt的文本文件。
1201 Gopal 45000 Technical manager
1202 Manisha 45000 Proof reader
1203 Masthanvali 40000 Technical writer
1204 Kiran 40000 Hr Admin
1205 Kranthi 30000 Op Admin
执行载入数据操作:
LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/home/user/sample.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE employee;
以java编程的方式加载数据:
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
public class HiveLoadData {
private static String driverName = "org.apache.hadoop.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver";
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
// Register driver and create driver instance
Class.forName(driverName);
// get connection
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:hive://localhost:10000/userdb", "", "");
// create statement
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
// execute statement
stmt.executeQuery("LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/home/user/sample.txt'" + "OVERWRITE INTO TABLE employee;");
System.out.println("Load Data into employee successful");
con.close();
}
}