【spring系列】之14：spring声明式事务实现原理剖析

通过上一节事务环境搭建，我们知道，在搭建的5个步骤中，有两个是spring为我们提供底层去稍作配置，然后使用的，

这两个操作涉及的便是：

• @EnableTransactionManagement
• PlatformTransactionManager

其中，PlatformTransactionManager是底层的事务控制器，它来控制我们的整个操作时提交还是回滚等。

我们只要配置我们具体需要的事务实现即可。

@EnableTransactionManagement是真正让框架实现事务代理，拦截的核心，下面，我们通过源码来看看它的实现和工作原理。

1.@EnableTransactionManagement源码

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector.class)
public @interface EnableTransactionManagement {

	/**
	 * Indicate whether subclass-based (CGLIB) proxies are to be created ({@code true}) as
	 * opposed to standard Java interface-based proxies ({@code false}). The default is
	 * {@code false}. <strong>Applicable only if {@link #mode()} is set to
	 * {@link AdviceMode#PROXY}</strong>.
	 * <p>Note that setting this attribute to {@code true} will affect <em>all</em>
	 * Spring-managed beans requiring proxying, not just those marked with
	 * {@code @Transactional}. For example, other beans marked with Spring's
	 * {@code @Async} annotation will be upgraded to subclass proxying at the same
	 * time. This approach has no negative impact in practice unless one is explicitly
	 * expecting one type of proxy vs another, e.g. in tests.
	 */
	boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;

	/**
	 * Indicate how transactional advice should be applied.
	 * <p><b>The default is {@link AdviceMode#PROXY}.</b>
	 * Please note that proxy mode allows for interception of calls through the proxy
	 * only. Local calls within the same class cannot get intercepted that way; an
	 * {@link Transactional} annotation on such a method within a local call will be
	 * ignored since Spring's interceptor does not even kick in for such a runtime
	 * scenario. For a more advanced mode of interception, consider switching this to
	 * {@link AdviceMode#ASPECTJ}.
	 */
	AdviceMode mode() default AdviceMode.PROXY;

	/**
	 * Indicate the ordering of the execution of the transaction advisor
	 * when multiple advices are applied at a specific joinpoint.
	 * <p>The default is {@link Ordered#LOWEST_PRECEDENCE}.
	 */
	int order() default Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;

}

通过源码发现，他有三个属性：

proxyTargetClass：默认值为false，表示不是CGLIB代理，如果我们要强制使用CGLIB代理，将值设置为true即可

mode：默认值为PROXY，表示走代理实现事务，如果走切面拦截器实现事务，只需将其设置为ASPECTJ即可

order：默认值是Integer.MAX_VALUE，表示如果有多个切面拦截器，事务的拦截器执行优先级最低，保证其他都能执行

 

那为什么加上这个注解就开启了事务功能呢？我们注意到，在注解定义的时候，引入了一个TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector.class)
public @interface EnableTransactionManagement {
    ....
}

也就是在spring容器中有注册了一个事务选择器插件，那这个插件又是干啥的呢？我们继续扒代码：

public class TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector extends AdviceModeImportSelector<EnableTransactionManagement> {

	/**
	 * {@inheritDoc}
	 * @return {@link ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration} or
	 * {@code AspectJTransactionManagementConfiguration} for {@code PROXY} and
	 * {@code ASPECTJ} values of {@link EnableTransactionManagement#mode()}, respectively
	 */
	@Override
	protected String[] selectImports(AdviceMode adviceMode) {
		switch (adviceMode) {
			case PROXY:
				return new String[] {AutoProxyRegistrar.class.getName(), ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.class.getName()};
			case ASPECTJ:
				return new String[] {TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ASPECT_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_NAME};
			default:
				return null;
		}
	}

}

一看便知，TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector又给容器注册了两个新组件：

1. AutoProxyRegistrar
2. ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration

备注:这个是通过默认配置实现的，如果将adviceMode设置为ASPECTJ，那注册的组件将会是AspectJTransactionManagementConfiguration

下面我们接着研究默认注册进来的两个插件是干啥用的。

AutoProxyRegistrar

	@Override
	public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
		boolean candidateFound = false;
		Set<String> annoTypes = importingClassMetadata.getAnnotationTypes();
		for (String annoType : annoTypes) {
			AnnotationAttributes candidate = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(importingClassMetadata, annoType);
			if (candidate == null) {
				continue;
			}
			Object mode = candidate.get("mode");
			Object proxyTargetClass = candidate.get("proxyTargetClass");
			if (mode != null && proxyTargetClass != null && AdviceMode.class == mode.getClass() &&
					Boolean.class == proxyTargetClass.getClass()) {
				candidateFound = true;
				if (mode == AdviceMode.PROXY) {
					AopConfigUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(registry);
					if ((Boolean) proxyTargetClass) {
						AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToUseClassProxying(registry);
						return;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		if (!candidateFound) {
			String name = getClass().getSimpleName();
			logger.warn(String.format("%s was imported but no annotations were found " +
					"having both 'mode' and 'proxyTargetClass' attributes of type " +
					"AdviceMode and boolean respectively. This means that auto proxy " +
					"creator registration and configuration may not have occurred as " +
					"intended, and components may not be proxied as expected. Check to " +
					"ensure that %s has been @Import'ed on the same class where these " +
					"annotations are declared; otherwise remove the import of %s " +
					"altogether.", name, name, name));
		}
	}

注意到以上代码中有一句很关键：AopConfigUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(registry);

	@Nullable
	public static BeanDefinition registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry,
			@Nullable Object source) {

		return registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired(InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class, registry, source);
	}

跟踪代码，最终发现，这句话的作用就是在容器中注册了InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator对象，那他又是干啥用的呢？

代码中有这样一句：

registry.registerBeanDefinition(AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME, beanDefinition);

由此可见：InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator利用后置处理器机制在对象创建以后，包装对象，返回一个代理对象（增强器），代理对象执行方法利用拦截器链进行调用；

 

ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration

	@Bean(name = TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ADVISOR_BEAN_NAME)
	@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
	public BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor transactionAdvisor() {
		BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor advisor = new BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor();
		advisor.setTransactionAttributeSource(transactionAttributeSource());
		advisor.setAdvice(transactionInterceptor());
		if (this.enableTx != null) {
			advisor.setOrder(this.enableTx.<Integer>getNumber("order"));
		}
		return advisor;
	}

上面的代码，是给容器注册了事务增强器。

	@Bean
	@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
	public TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource() {
		return new AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource();
	}

事务增强器要用事务注解的信息，AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource解析事务注解

	@Bean
	@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
	public TransactionInterceptor transactionInterceptor() {
		TransactionInterceptor interceptor = new TransactionInterceptor();
		interceptor.setTransactionAttributeSource(transactionAttributeSource());
		if (this.txManager != null) {
			interceptor.setTransactionManager(this.txManager);
		}
		return interceptor;
	}

事务拦截器：TransactionInterceptor；保存了事务属性信息，事务管理器；

他是一个 MethodInterceptor，在目标方法执行的时候，执行拦截器链。

具体的事务拦截器执行流程如下：

1. 先获取事务相关的属性
2. 再获取PlatformTransactionManager，如果事先没有添加指定任何transactionmanger，最终会从容器中按照类型获取一个PlatformTransactionManager；
3. 执行目标方法  如果异常，获取到事务管理器，利用事务管理回滚操作； 如果正常，利用事务管理器，提交事务