[css][实战] - css实用总结

font属性缩写

div {
  font: italic small-caps bold 1.2em/1.0em Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica;
}

跨浏览器设置最小高度

#container {
    min-height: 550px;
    height: auto !important;
    height: 550px;
}

选中时样式

• :target

  div:target {
      border: 2px solid #D4D4D4;
      background-color: #e5eecc;
  }
  

基于文件格式使用不同的样式

• 属性选择器[]

  // HTTP
  a[href^="http://"]{
      padding-right: 20px;
      background: url(external.gif) no-repeat center right;
  }
  /* emails */
  a[href^="mailto:"]{
      padding-right: 20px;
      background: url(email.png) no-repeat center right;
  }
  /* pdfs */
  a[href$=".pdf"]{
      padding-right: 20px;
      background: url(pdf.png) no-repeat center right;
  }
  

图像灰度

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <filter id="grayscale">
        <feColorMatrix type="matrix" values="0.3333 0.3333 0.3333 0 0 0.3333 0.3333 0.3333 0 0 0.3333 0.3333 0.3333 0 0 0 0 0 1 0"/>
    </filter>
</svg>
img {
    filter: url(filters.svg#grayscale); /* Firefox 3.5+ */
    filter: gray; /* IE6-9 */
    -webkit-filter: grayscale(1); /* Google Chrome, Safari 6+ & Opera 15+ */
}

表格列宽自适用

给td元素添加white-space:nowrap;能让文本正确的换行

td {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

只在一边或两边显示盒子阴影

有效实用::before和::after

.box-shadow {
    background-color: #FF8020;
    width: 160px;
    height: 90px;
    margin-top: -45px;
    margin-left: -80px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
}
.box-shadow:after {
    content: "";
    width: 150px;
    height: 1px;
    margin-top: 88px;
    margin-left: -75px;
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    z-index: -1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
       -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
            box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
}

论文页面的卷曲效果

<ul class="box">
  <li></li>
</ul>
ul.box {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1; /* prevent shadows falling behind containers with backgrounds */
    overflow: hidden;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0; 
}
ul.box li {
    position: relative;
    float: left;
    width: 250px;
    height: 150px;
    padding: 0;
    border: 1px solid #efefef;
    margin: 0 30px 30px 0;
    background: #fff;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset;
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset; 
    box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset; 
}
ul.box li:before,
ul.box li:after {
    content: '';
    z-index: -1;
    position: absolute;
    left: 10px;
    bottom: 10px;
    width: 70%;
    max-width: 300px; /* avoid rotation causing ugly appearance at large container widths */
    max-height: 100px;
    height: 55%;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    -webkit-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    -moz-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    -ms-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    -o-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg); 
}
ul.box li:after {
    left: auto;
    right: 10px;
    -webkit-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    -moz-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    -ms-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    -o-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg); 
}

包裹长文本

如果你碰到一个比自身容器长的文本，这个技巧对你很有用。在这个示例中，默认时，不管容器的宽度，文本都将水平填充。

<pre>
    &lt;html&gt;

    &lt;head&gt;
      &lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot; src=&quot;loadxmldoc.js&quot;&gt;
    &lt;/script&gt;
    &lt;/head&gt;

    &lt;body&gt;

      &lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;
        xmlDoc=<a href="dom_loadxmldoc.asp">loadXMLDoc</a>(&quot;books.xml&quot;);
        document.write(&quot;xmlDoc is loaded, ready for use&quot;);
      &lt;/script&gt;

    &lt;/body&gt;

    &lt;/html&gt;
</pre>
pre {
    width: 100px;
    white-space: pre-line;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}

强制换行

pre {
    white-space: pre-wrap;       /* css-3 */
    white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;  /* Mozilla, since 1999 */
    white-space: -pre-wrap;      /* Opera 4-6 */
    white-space: -o-pre-wrap;    /* Opera 7 */
    word-wrap: break-word;       /* Internet Explorer 5.5+ */
}

动画实现省略号动画

<div class="loading"></div>
.loading:after {
    overflow: hidden;
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: bottom;
    animation: ellipsis 2s infinite;
    content: "\2026"; /* ascii code for the ellipsis character */
}
@keyframes ellipsis {
    from {
        width: 2px;
    }
    to {
        width: 15px;
    }
}

清除浮动

• 经典版

  .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; line-height: 0; height: 0; }
  .clearfix { display: inline-block; }
  html[xmlns] .clearfix { display: block; }
  * html .clearfix { height: 1%; }
  

• 新版本（2011年后）

  .clearfix:before, .container:after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .clearfix:after { clear: both; }
  /* IE 6/7 */
  .clearfix { zoom: 1; }
  

浏览器的透明

.transparent {
    filter: alpha(opacity=50); /* internet explorer */
    -khtml-opacity: 0.5;      /* khtml, old safari */
    -moz-opacity: 0.5;       /* mozilla, netscape */
    opacity: 0.5;           /* fx, safari, opera */
}

@font-face模板

@font-face {
    font-family: 'MyWebFont';
    src: url('webfont.eot'); /* IE9 Compat Modes */
    src: url('webfont.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'), /* IE6-IE8 */
    url('webfont.woff') format('woff'), /* Modern Browsers */
    url('webfont.ttf')  format('truetype'), /* Safari, Android, iOS */
    url('webfont.svg#svgFontName') format('svg'); /* Legacy iOS */
}
body {
    font-family: 'MyWebFont', Arial, sans-serif;
}

引用模板

blockquote {
    background: #f9f9f9;
    border-left: 10px solid #ccc;
    margin: 1.5em 10px;
    padding: .5em 10px;
    quotes: "\201C""\201D""\2018""\2019";
}
blockquote:before {
    color: #ccc;
    content: open-quote;
    font-size: 4em;
    line-height: .1em;
    margin-right: .25em;
    vertical-align: -.4em;
}
blockquote p {
    display: inline;
}

通用媒体查询

/* Smartphones (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen 
and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Smartphones (landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 321px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Smartphones (portrait) ----------- */
@media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPads (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPads (landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : landscape) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPads (portrait) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : portrait) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Desktops and laptops ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 1224px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Large screens ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 1824px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPhone 4 ----------- */
@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5) {
  /* Styles */
}

隐藏logo图片上的文字

• 实用text-indent间接隐藏

  h1 {
      text-indent: -9999px;
      margin: 0 auto;
      width: 320px;
      height: 85px;
      background: transparent url("https://img.zcool.cn/community/010b085b3b10c8a80120b95920903c.jpeg@260w_195h_1c_1e_1o_100sh.jpg") no-repeat scroll;
  }
  

空心文字

• -webkit-text-stroke，兼容性很一般暂时不建议

  div {
      -webkit-text-stroke: 2px #f43c12;
      background: transparent;
      color: transparent;
  }
  

有趣的&

实则实用字体样式

<div class="amp">&</div>
.amp {
    font-family: Baskerville, 'Goudy Old Style', Palatino, 'Book Antiqua', serif;
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: normal;
}

大字段落

实用:first-letter

p:first-letter{
    display: block;
    margin: 5px 0 0 5px;
    float: left;
    color: #ff3366;
    font-size: 5.4em;
    font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;
}

强制出现垂直滚动条

html { height: 101% }

现代字体栈

/* Times New Roman-based serif */
font-family: Cambria, "Hoefler Text", Utopia, "Liberation Serif", "Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular", Times, "Times New Roman", serif;
/* A modern Georgia-based serif */
font-family: Constantia, "Lucida Bright", Lucidabright, "Lucida Serif", Lucida, "DejaVu Serif," "Bitstream Vera Serif", "Liberation Serif", Georgia, serif;
/*A more traditional Garamond-based serif */
font-family: "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, Palladio, "URW Palladio L", "Book Antiqua", Baskerville, "Bookman Old Style", "Bitstream Charter", "Nimbus Roman No9 L", Garamond, "Apple Garamond", "ITC Garamond Narrow", "New Century Schoolbook", "Century Schoolbook", "Century Schoolbook L", Georgia, serif;
/*The Helvetica/Arial-based sans serif */
font-family: Frutiger, "Frutiger Linotype", Univers, Calibri, "Gill Sans", "Gill Sans MT", "Myriad Pro", Myriad, "DejaVu Sans Condensed", "Liberation Sans", "Nimbus Sans L", Tahoma, Geneva, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
/*The Verdana-based sans serif */
font-family: Corbel, "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Sans", "DejaVu Sans", "Bitstream Vera Sans", "Liberation Sans", Verdana, "Verdana Ref", sans-serif;
/*The Trebuchet-based sans serif */
font-family: "Segoe UI", Candara, "Bitstream Vera Sans", "DejaVu Sans", "Bitstream Vera Sans", "Trebuchet MS", Verdana, "Verdana Ref", sans-serif;
/*The heavier "Impact" sans serif */
font-family: Impact, Haettenschweiler, "Franklin Gothic Bold", Charcoal, "Helvetica Inserat", "Bitstream Vera Sans Bold", "Arial Black", sans-serif;
/*The monospace */
font-family: Consolas, "Andale Mono WT", "Andale Mono", "Lucida Console", "Lucida Sans Typewriter", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Nimbus Mono L", Monaco, "Courier New", Courier, monospace;