LVM的应用_cannot procesd volume group vg-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ligang0704/article/details/90897901

 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一：逻辑卷的管理

准备两个10GB的分区，建立卷组vgnsd，命令操作如下所示：

[root@localhost /]# parted /dev/sdb print    //输出sdb分区表
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number  Start   End     Size    Type      File system  标志
 1      512B    1000MB  1000MB  primary   ext4
 2      1000MB  2000MB  999MB   primary   ext4
 3      2000MB  85.9GB  83.9GB  extended               lba
 5      2001MB  3000MB  999MB   logical

[root@localhost /]# parted /dev/sdb mktable gpt  //将sdb分区方式更改为gpt

警告: 正在使用 /dev/sdb 上的分区。
忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? i
警告: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
是/Yes/否/No? y
警告: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sdb (设备或资源忙). As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.

[root@localhost /]# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  标志

[root@localhost /]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 0 10G //划分10G分区

警告: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? i
警告: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sdb (设备或资源忙). As a

result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
[root@localhost /]# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End     Size     File system  Name     标志
 1      17.4kB  10.0GB  10000MB               primary

[root@localhost /]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 10G 20G

警告: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sdb (设备或资源忙). As a

result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
[root@localhost /]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 20G 30G

警告: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sdb (设备或资源忙). As a

result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
[root@localhost /]# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End     Size     File system  Name     标志
 1      17.4kB  10.0GB  10000MB               primary
 2      10.0GB  20.0GB  9999MB                primary
 3      20.0GB  30.0GB  10.0GB                primary

[root@localhost /]#

这个时候需要系统重新识别GPT分区模式以及新的分区表，建议大家重启。

[root@localhost ~]# init 6

可以给LVM分区加一个标志以方便管理及查看。

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End     Size     File system  Name     标志
 1      17.4kB  10.0GB  10000MB               primary
 2      10.0GB  20.0GB  9999MB                primary
 3      20.0GB  30.0GB  10.0GB                primary

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb set 1 lvm on   //set：添加标志；1：为分区编号；lvm：标志；on：开启

信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End     Size     File system  Name     标志
 1      17.4kB  10.0GB  10000MB               primary  lvm
 2      10.0GB  20.0GB  9999MB                primary
 3      20.0GB  30.0GB  10.0GB                primary

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb set 2 lvm on
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.                                  

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb set 3 lvm on
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.                                  

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End     Size     File system  Name     标志
 1      17.4kB  10.0GB  10000MB               primary  lvm
 2      10.0GB  20.0GB  9999MB                primary  lvm
 3      20.0GB  30.0GB  10.0GB                primary  lvm

[root@localhost ~]#

准备两个10GB的分区，创建卷组vgnsd，首先要创建物理卷：

[root@localhost ~]# pvscan              //查看现有物理卷
  No matching physical volumes found
[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/sdb[1-3]   //查看是否识别新的分区
/dev/sdb1  /dev/sdb2  /dev/sdb3
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3   //创建物理分区
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan      //查看结果
  PV /dev/sdb1                      lvm2 [9.31 GiB]
  PV /dev/sdb2                      lvm2 [9.31 GiB]
  PV /dev/sdb3                      lvm2 [9.31 GiB]
  Total: 3 [27.94 GiB] / in use: 0 [0   ] / in no VG: 3 [27.94 GiB]
[root@localhost ~]# vgscan       //查看现有卷组
  Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...
  No volume groups found
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vgnsd /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2   //创建卷组
  Volume group "vgnsd" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgscan        //查看结果
  Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...
  Found volume group "vgnsd" using metadata type lvm2

再准备一个10GB的分区，建立卷组vgdata：

[root@localhost ~]# pvscan    //查看所有物理卷
  PV /dev/sdb1   VG vgnsd           lvm2 [9.31 GiB / 9.31 GiB free]
  PV /dev/sdb2   VG vgnsd           lvm2 [9.31 GiB / 9.31 GiB free]
  PV /dev/sdb3                      lvm2 [9.31 GiB]
  Total: 3 [27.93 GiB] / in use: 2 [18.62 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [9.31 GiB]
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vgdata /dev/sdb3     //创建卷组vgdata
  Volume group "vgdata" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan    //查看所有物理卷
  PV /dev/sdb3   VG vgdata   lvm2 [9.31 GiB / 9.31 GiB free]
  PV /dev/sdb1   VG vgnsd    lvm2 [9.31 GiB / 9.31 GiB free]
  PV /dev/sdb2   VG vgnsd    lvm2 [9.31 GiB / 9.31 GiB free]
  Total: 3 [27.93 GiB] / in use: 3 [27.93 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]
[root@localhost ~]# vgscan     //查看所有卷组
  Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...
  Found volume group "vgdata" using metadata type lvm2
  Found volume group "vgnsd" using metadata type lvm2
[root@localhost ~]#

从卷组vgnsd中划出一个15GB的逻辑卷lvhome：

[root@localhost ~]# lvs       //查看所有逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 15G -n lvhome vgnsd    //划分逻辑卷
  Logical volume "lvhome" created
[root@localhost ~]# lvs        //查看结果
  LV     VG    Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lvhome vgnsd -wi-a----- 15.00g                                             
[root@localhost ~]#

从卷组vgdata中划出一个4GB的逻辑卷lvswap：

[root@localhost ~]# lvs        //查看所有逻辑卷
  LV     VG    Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lvhome vgnsd -wi-a----- 15.00g                                             
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 4G -n lvswap vgdata     //划分逻辑卷
  Logical volume "lvswap" created
[root@localhost ~]# lvs       //查看结果
  LV     VG     Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lvswap vgdata -wi-a-----  4.00g                                             
  lvhome vgnsd  -wi-a----- 15.00g                                             
[root@localhost ~]#

步骤二：逻辑卷的实际使用

将/home目录迁移到逻辑卷lvhome上。
分析：原来/home目录所占用空间来源于根分区，现在想把/home目录迁移到其他分区上，以减小根分区压力。具体思路是：先将home目录里内容作一个备份，然后在将lvhome逻辑卷挂载到/home目录，再将内容还原。需注意在挂载使用前需将lvhome格式化。
命令操作如下所示：

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /home.bak    //创建备份目录
[root@localhost ~]# ls /home
gelin01  gelin02  ht02  john  kaka  lily  lisi  mike  zhangsan
[root@localhost ~]# mv /home/* /home.bak           //备份home目录下内容
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vgnsd/lvhome    //格式化逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vgnsd/lvhome /home  //挂载lvhome逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# mount | grep home                //查看挂载结果
/dev/mapper/vgnsd-lvhome on /home type ext4 (rw)
[root@localhost ~]# mv /home.bak/* /home           //还原home内容
[root@localhost ~]# ls /home
gelin01  gelin02  ht02  john  kaka  lily  lisi  lost+found  mike  zhangsan
[root@localhost ~]#

将逻辑卷lvswap扩展到交换空间。
分析：将lvswap逻辑卷格式化swap文件系统，在启用即可。

[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/vgdata/lvswap      //格式化成swap文件系统
mkswap: /dev/vgdata/lvswap: warning: don't erase bootbits sectors
        on whole disk. Use -f to force.
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4194300 KiB
no label, UUID=ba5895f4-0662-40e0-97ee-41cb095fddd2
[root@localhost ~]# swapon /dev/vgdata/lvswap       //启用
[root@localhost ~]# swapon –s                        //查看
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/sda5                               partition       8388600 0       -1
/dev/sda8                               partition       1951736 0       -2
/dev/dm-1                               partition       4194296 0       -3
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/vgdata/lvswap      //可以看出lvswap是一个链接文件
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 2月  28 15:15 /dev/vgdata/lvswap -> ../dm-1
[root@localhost ~]#

确保上述卷开机后自动挂载。
分析：将设备和参数写入到/etc/fstab配置文件即可。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# tail -n 2 /etc/fstab 
/dev/vgnsd/lvhome     /home       ext4    defaults 0 0
/dev/vgdata/lvswap    swap        swap    defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# mount –a     //是否有错误输出
[root@localhost ~]# mount | grep lvhome    //查看挂载情况
/dev/mapper/vgnsd-lvhome on /home type ext4 (rw)
[root@localhost ~]#