前台将查询条件传入后台，查询数据库，选择保存路径，然后导出excel

JS代码

先请求submitExcelData后请求export，这样才能选择文件保存位置

exportExcel = function () {
	var obj=$('#searchForm').serializeJSON();
	$.ajax({
        //这里是公共方法的连接
        url: "exportExcelController/submitExcelData.action",
        type: "post",
        dataType: "json",
        data:"obj="+obj,
        success: function (data) {
            if (data&&data.code=="1") {
                 //这里是每个JavaBean对应的控制层方法
                 window.location.href = "dogController/export.action";
                //我们这里缺少导出成功的提示，有需要的自行想办法添加                         
            } else {
            	//提示失败
            }
        },
        error: function (err) {
        	//提示失败
        }
    });                
	 
	
};

controller层java代码，obj里面是查询条件

	@RequestMapping(value = "submitExcelData")
	@ResponseBody
	public String submitExcelData(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String obj) throws IOException {
		// 设置响应和请求编码utf-8
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        JSONObject jsonResult = new JSONObject(); // 返回界面端的json对象

		// 将参数信息存入session中
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        //这里可以先做非空判断，不写了
		try {
			session.setAttribute("obj", obj);
		} catch (Exception e) {
            jsonResult.put("code","0");
			return jsonResult.toString();
		}
        jsonResult.put("code","1");
		return jsonResult.toString();
	}

    

@RequestMapping("export")
	@ResponseBody
	public String exportExcel(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		String obj=(String)session.getAttribute("obj");
		
		//如果页面传的是json字符串，用下列方式解析
		JSONObject parseObject = JSONObject.parseObject(obj); //string转json
        //将json数据转换为Dog对象，作为我们的查询条件
		Dog dog= (Dog ) JSONObject.toJavaObject(parseObject, Dog .class);
		
		List<Dog > list = dogService.findDog(dog);//从数据库查询需要的数据
		String result = "";
		
        
		HSSFWorkbook hssfWorkbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
        // Excel第一行中文标题
		String[] cnName = new String[]{"狗的姓名", "狗的年龄"};
        // 需要导出的属性名，不能错
		String[] enName = new String[]{"name", "age"};
		ExportExcelUtil.createSheet(hssfWorkbook, cnName, enName, list, 0,             false, "sheet1");
		try
		{
            //这里是个公共方法
			result =ExportExcelUtil.downloadExcel(request, response, hssfWorkbook);
		}
		catch (IOException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
        return result;
	}

公共方法

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DataValidation;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;

/**
 * Excel导出工具类
 */
public class ExportExcelUtil
{
	private static final int XLS_MAX_ROW = 65535; //0开始

	/**
	 * 给传入的HSSFWorkbook创建sheet和sheet里的内容
	 * 
	 * @param workbook
	 *            要包含这个表单的workbook
	 * @param titlesCNName
	 *            首行标题
	 * @param titlesENName
	 *            对应的实体类属性
	 * @param dataList
	 *            实体类数据list
	 * @param sheetIndex
	 *            表单index，从0开始
	 * @param hidden
	 *            是否隐藏该表单
	 * @param sheetName
	 *            表单名称
	 */
	public static HSSFSheet createSheet(HSSFWorkbook workbook, String[] titlesCNName, String[] titlesENName,
			List dataList, int sheetIndex, boolean hidden, String sheetName)
	{
		//创建一个工作表sheet
		HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(sheetName);
		if(hidden)
		{
			workbook.setSheetHidden(sheetIndex, true);
		}
		//创建第一行
		HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
		HSSFCell cell;
		//插入第一行数据，中文列名
		for (int i = 0; i < titlesCNName.length; i++)
		{
			cell = row.createCell(i);
			cell.setCellValue(titlesCNName[i]);
		}
		//追加数据  dataList.size()行数
		if(dataList.size() > 0)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < dataList.size(); i++)
			{
				HSSFRow nextrow = sheet.createRow(i + 1);
				//向每一列填充数据
				Object obj = dataList.get(i);
				for (int j = 0; j < titlesENName.length; j++)
				{
					HSSFCell hssfCell = nextrow.createCell(j);
					String value = getFieldValue(titlesENName[j], obj);
					//判断是否该字段有效
					if(null != value)
					{
						hssfCell.setCellValue(value);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		return sheet;
	}

	/**
	 * 生成下拉框及提示、验证
	 * 
	 * @param formulaString
	 *            关联了数据的name
	 * @param columnIndex
	 * @return
	 */
	public static DataValidation getDataValidationByFormula(String formulaString, int columnIndex)
	{
		// 加载下拉列表内容
		DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.createFormulaListConstraint(formulaString);
		// 设置数据有效性加载在哪个单元格上。
		// 四个参数分别是：起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列
		CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(1, XLS_MAX_ROW, columnIndex, columnIndex);
		// 数据有效性对象
		DataValidation dataValidationList = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint);
		dataValidationList.createErrorBox("Error", "请选择或输入有效的选项，或下载最新模版重试！");
		dataValidationList.createPromptBox("", "请选择或输入有效项");
		dataValidationList.setShowErrorBox(true);
		return dataValidationList;
	}

	/**
	 * 根据属性名称，获取pojo的值
	 * 
	 * @param fieldName
	 * @param obj
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String getFieldValue(String fieldName, Object obj)
	{
		String getter = "get" + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + fieldName.substring(1);
		try
		{
			Method method = obj.getClass().getMethod(getter);
			Object value = method.invoke(obj);
			if(value != null && !value.equals(""))
			{
				return value.toString();
			}

		}
		catch (Exception e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * 设置response表头
	 * 
	 * @param request
	 * @param response
	 * @param strFileName
	 * @return
	 * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
	 */
	public static HttpServletResponse setResponseHeader(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
			String strFileName)
		throws UnsupportedEncodingException
	{
		response.setContentType("application/octet-stream; charset=utf-8");
		if(request.getHeader("User-Agent").toLowerCase().indexOf("firefox") > 0)
		{
			response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
				"attachment; filename=" + new String(strFileName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), "ISO8859-1"));// firefox浏览器
		}
		else if(request.getHeader("User-Agent").toUpperCase().indexOf("MSIE") > 0)
		{
			response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
				"attachment; filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(strFileName, "UTF-8"));// IE浏览器
		}
		else
		{
			response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
				"attachment; filename=" + new String(strFileName.getBytes("gb2312"), "ISO8859-1"));
		}
		return response;
	}

	/**
	 * 将传入的workbook导出
	 * 
	 * @param request
	 * @param response
	 * @return
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static String downloadExcel(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HSSFWorkbook workbook)
		throws IOException
	{
		// 设置响应和请求编码utf-8
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		String result = "导出失败";

		Date date = new Date();
		DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");

		String strFileName;
		strFileName = format.format(date) + ".xls";// 默认当前时间为Excel名称
		response = setResponseHeader(request, response, strFileName);//设置表头
		response.flushBuffer();// 刷新缓冲
		try
		{
			workbook.write(response.getOutputStream());
			result = "导出成功";
		}
		catch (IOException e)
		{
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
			result = "导出失败";
		}
		return result;
	}

}

 

 

由于本人菜鸟一枚，理解比较肤浅，很难解释清楚原理，方法也都是从网上各个地方看来的，这里只是做个总结。

虽然解释不清楚，但是主体代码应该比较详尽，基本上根据各自项目需求稍作修改就可以用。

前台需要引入JQuery和jquery.serializeJSON。

jquery.serializeJSON的下载地址

https://github.com/marioizquierdo/jquery.serializeJSON

后台需要POI和阿里巴巴的FastJSON