C++ IPv4与IPv6的兼容编码

这里不再对IPv6 socket相关编程的基础知识进行讲解，只提供一个IP协议无关的服务端和客户端的代码，仅供参考。

服务端代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

int tcp_listen(const char *host, const char *service, const int listen_num = 5)
{
	int listenfd, ret;
	const int on = 1;
	struct addrinfo hints, *res, *ressave;
	bzero(&hints, sizeof(hints));
	hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
	hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
	hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_IP;

	if (0 != (ret = getaddrinfo(host, service, &hints, &res)))
	{
		cout << "getaddrinfo error: " << gai_strerror(ret) << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	ressave = res;
	while(NULL != res)
	{
		if (-1 == (listenfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol)))
		{
			cout << "create socket error: " << strerror(errno) << endl;
			res = res->ai_next;
			continue;
		}

		if (-1 == setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)))
		{
			cout << "setsockopt error: " << strerror(errno) << endl;
			close(listenfd);
			res = res->ai_next;
			continue;
		}

		if (-1 == bind(listenfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen))
		{
			cout << "bind error: " << strerror(errno) << endl;
                        close(listenfd);
                        res = res->ai_next;
                        continue;
		}

		if (-1 == listen(listenfd, listen_num))
		{
			cout << "listen error: " << strerror(errno) << endl;
                        close(listenfd);
                        res = res->ai_next;
                        continue;
		}

		break;
	}

	freeaddrinfo(ressave);

	if (NULL == res)
		return -1;

	return listenfd;
}

int get_addrinfo(const struct sockaddr *addr, string &ip, in_port_t &port)
{
	void *numeric_addr = NULL;
	char addr_buff[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];

	if (AF_INET == addr->sa_family)
	{
		numeric_addr = &((struct sockaddr_in*)addr)->sin_addr;
		port = ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in*)addr)->sin_port);
	}
	else if (AF_INET6 == addr->sa_family)
	{
		numeric_addr = &((struct sockaddr_in6*)addr)->sin6_addr;
		port = ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in6*)addr)->sin6_port);
	}
	else
	{
		return -1;
	}

	if (NULL != inet_ntop(addr->sa_family, numeric_addr, addr_buff, sizeof(addr_buff)))
		ip = addr_buff;
	else
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int listenfd, connfd;
	struct sockaddr_storage cliaddr;
	socklen_t len = sizeof(cliaddr);
	time_t now;
	char buff[128];

	if (2 == argc) //指定端口
		listenfd = tcp_listen(NULL, argv[1]);
	else if (3 == argc) //指定本地IP和端口
		listenfd = tcp_listen(argv[1], argv[2]);
	else
	{
                cout << "usage: " << argv[0] << " [<hostname/ipaddress>] <service/port>" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	if (listenfd < 0)
	{
		cout << "call tcp_listen error" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	while (true)
	{
		connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr, &len);

		string ip = "";
		in_port_t port = 0;
		get_addrinfo((struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr, ip, port);
		cout << "client " << ip << "|" << port << " login" << endl;

		now = time(NULL);
		snprintf(buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, "%.24s", ctime(&now));
		write(connfd, buff, strlen(buff));
		close(connfd);
	}

	close(listenfd);
	return 0;
}

客户端代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

int tcp_connect(const char *host, const char *service)
{
	int sockfd, ret;
	struct addrinfo hints, *res, *ressave;
	bzero(&hints, sizeof(hints));
	hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
	hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_IP;

	if (0 != (ret = getaddrinfo(host, service, &hints, &res)))
	{
		cout << "getaddrinfo error: " << gai_strerror(ret) << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	ressave = res;
	while (NULL != res)
	{
		if (-1 == (sockfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol)))
                {
                        cout << "create socket error: " << strerror(errno) << endl;
                        res = res->ai_next;
                        continue;
                }

		if (-1 == connect(sockfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen))
		{
			cout << "connect error: " << strerror(errno) << endl;
                        close(sockfd);
			res = res->ai_next;
                        continue;
		}

		break;
	}
	
	freeaddrinfo(ressave);

	if (NULL == res)
		return -1;

	return sockfd;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int sockfd, n;
	char buff[128];
	struct sockaddr_storage cliaddr;
	
	if (3 != argc)
	{
		cout << "usage: " << argv[0] << " <hostname/ipaddress> <service/port>" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	sockfd = tcp_connect(argv[1], argv[2]);
	if (sockfd < 0)
	{
		cout << "call tcp_connect error" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	bzero(buff, sizeof(buff));
	while ((n = read(sockfd, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1) > 0))
	{
		cout << buff << endl;
		bzero(buff, sizeof(buff));
	}
	close(sockfd);

	return 0;
}

编译：

g++ daytimesrv.cpp -o daytimesrv

g++ daytimecli.cpp -o daytimecli

运行举例:

服务端运行情况：

客户端运行情况：

以上客户端的请求与服务端的输出一一对应，客户端可以尝试用不同的IP去连接，然后观察服务端的输出，有助于理解底层的交互过程。