C++ format格式化输出字符串简单版实现

本实例基于C++11的可变长参数实现：

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

static void _format_help(
    std::ostringstream& os, const std::string& format, std::size_t offset)
{
	os << format.substr(offset, format.size() - offset);
}

template <class T, class... Args>
static void _format_help(
	std::ostringstream& os, const std::string& format, std::size_t offset, T arg, Args...args)
{
	std::size_t off = format.find("{}", offset);
	if (off == std::string::npos) {
		os << format.substr(offset, format.size() - offset);
		return;
	}
	os << format.substr(offset, off - offset) << arg;
	_format_help(os, format, off + 2, args...);
}

/* 
	格式化输出成字符串，需要格式化的地方使用{}即可
	如：
		format("this is {}, age: {}, height: {}m", "Alice", 18, 1.72);
	输出："this is Alice, age: 18, height: 1.72m"
		format("this is {}, age: {}, height: {}m {}m", "Alice", 18, 1.72);
	输出："this is Alice, age: 18, height: 1.72m {}m"
		format("this is {}, age: {}, height: {}m {}m", "Alice", 18, 1.72, 555, 666);
	输出："this is Alice, age: 18, height: 1.72m 555m"
*/
template <class... Args>
std::string format(const std::string& format, Args... args)
{
	std::ostringstream os;
	_format_help(os, format, 0, args...);
	return std::move(os.str());
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	std::cout << format("one {} two {} three {} {} {} {}", 1, 2, 3, 4.5, "123", "this is my test") << std::endl;
	std::cout << format("this is {}, age: {}, height: {}m", "Alice", 18, 1.72) << std::endl;
	std::cout << format("this is {}, age: {}, height: {}m {}m", "Alice", 18, 1.72) << std::endl;
	std::cout << format("this is {}, age: {}, height: {}m {}m", "Alice", 18, 1.72, 555, 666) << std::endl;
	return 0;
}

/*
one 1 two 2 three 3 4.5 123 this is my test
this is Alice, age: 18, height: 1.72m
this is Alice, age: 18, height: 1.72m {}m
this is Alice, age: 18, height: 1.72m 555m
*/

若编译器支持C++20，则可以直接使用<format>工具库的format函数，效果类似。