高效加载图片(下)

人生如天气,可预料,但往往出乎意料。


本讲内容:DiskLruCache 硬盘缓存
上一讲学习了LruCache内存缓存,但LruCache只是管理了内存中图片的存储与释放,如果图片从内存中被移除的话,那么又需要从网络上重新加载一次图片,这显然非常耗时。对此,Google又提供了一套硬盘缓存的解决方案:



一、DiskLruCache 

DiskLruCache(非Google官方编写,但获得官方认证)。所以这个类并没有被包含在Android API当中,我们需要将这个类从网上下载下来,下载好了源码之后,只需要在项目中新建一个libcore.io包,然后将DiskLruCache.java文件复制到这个包中即可。


通常情况下多数应用程序都会将缓存的位置选择为 /sdcard/Android/data/<application package>/cache 这个路径。选择在这个位置有两点好处:第一,这是存储在SD卡上的,因此即使缓存再多的数据也不会对手机的内置存储空间有任何影响,只要SD卡空间足够就行。第二,这个路径被Android系统认定为应用程序的缓存路径,当程序被卸载的时候,这里的数据也会一起被清除掉,这样就不会出现删除程序之后手机上还有很多残留数据的问题。



二、分析DiskLruCache原码

DiskLruCache是不能new出实例的,如果我们要创建一个DiskLruCache的实例,则需要调用它的open()方法

public static DiskLruCache open(File directory, int appVersion, int valueCount, long maxSize)

open()方法接收四个参数,第一个参数指定的是数据的缓存地址,第二个参数指定当前应用程序的版本号,第三个参数指定同一个key可以对应多少个缓存文件,基本都是传1,第四个参数指定最多可以缓存多少字节的数据。


示例一:结合LruCache和DiskLruCache照片


第一次从网络上请求图片的时候有点慢,但之后加载图片就会非常快了,滑动起来也很流畅。


下面是res/layout/activity_main.xml 布局文件:

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <GridView
        android:id="@+id/id_photo_wall"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:columnWidth="@dimen/image_thumbnail_size"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:horizontalSpacing="@dimen/image_thumbnail_spacing"
        android:numColumns="auto_fit"
        android:stretchMode="columnWidth"
        android:verticalSpacing="@dimen/image_thumbnail_spacing"/>

</RelativeLayout>

下面是res/layout/grid_item.xml 布局文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/id_photo"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:scaleType="fitXY" />

</RelativeLayout>

下面是res/values/dimens.xml 布局文件:

<resources>
    <dimen name="image_thumbnail_size">100dp</dimen>
    <dimen name="image_thumbnail_spacing">1dp</dimen>
</resources>

下面是 网址中下载图片

public class Images {
	public final static String[] imageUrls=new String[]{
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383291_6518.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383291_8239.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383290_9329.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383290_1042.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383275_3977.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383265_8550.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383264_3954.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383264_4787.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383264_8243.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383248_3693.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383243_5120.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383242_3127.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383242_9576.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383242_1721.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383219_5806.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383214_7794.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383213_4418.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383213_3557.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383210_8779.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383172_4577.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383166_3407.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383166_2224.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383166_7301.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383165_7197.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383150_8410.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383131_3736.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383130_5094.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383130_7393.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383129_8813.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383100_3554.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383093_7894.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383092_2432.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383092_3071.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383091_3119.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383059_6589.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383059_8814.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383059_2237.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383058_4330.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383038_3602.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382942_3079.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382942_8125.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382942_4881.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382941_4559.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382941_3845.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382924_8955.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382923_2141.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382923_8437.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382922_6166.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382922_4843.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382905_5804.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382904_3362.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382904_2312.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382904_4960.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382900_2418.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382881_4490.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382881_5935.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382880_3865.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382880_4662.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382879_2553.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382862_5375.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382862_1748.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382861_7618.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382861_8606.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382861_8949.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382841_9821.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382840_6603.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382840_2405.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382840_6354.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382839_5779.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382810_7578.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382810_2436.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382809_3883.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382809_6269.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382808_4179.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382790_8326.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382789_7174.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382789_5170.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382789_4118.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382788_9532.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382767_3184.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382767_4772.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382766_4924.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382766_5762.jpg",
		"https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406382765_7341.jpg"		
	};
}

新建PhotoWallAdapter做为GridView的适配器

public class PhotoWallAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String>{  
    //记录所有正在下载或等待下载的任务。  
    private Set<BitmapWorkerTask> taskCollection;  
  
    //图片缓存技术的核心类,用于缓存所有下载好的图片,在程序内存达到设定值时会将最少最近使用的图片移除掉。  
    private LruCache<String, Bitmap> mMemoryCache;  
    
    //图片硬盘缓存核心类。
    private DiskLruCache mDiskLruCache;

    //GridView的实例  
    private GridView mPhotoWall;  
    //记录每个子项的高度。
    private int mItemHeight = 0;
      
    public PhotoWallAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId,String[] objects,GridView photoWall) {  
        super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);  
        mPhotoWall=photoWall;  
        taskCollection=new HashSet<BitmapWorkerTask>();  
        // 获取应用程序最大可用内存  
        int maxMemory=(int) Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();  
        int cacheSize = maxMemory / 8;  
        // 设置图片缓存大小为程序最大可用内存的1/8  
        mMemoryCache=new LruCache<String,Bitmap>(cacheSize){  
            protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {  
                return bitmap.getByteCount();  
            }  
        };  
        
        try {
        	// 获取图片缓存路径
        	File cacheDir = getDiskCacheDir(context, "thumb");
        	if(!cacheDir.exists()){
        		cacheDir.mkdirs();
        	}
        	// 创建DiskLruCache实例,初始化缓存数据,如果图片太大,没有压缩会超出范围
        	mDiskLruCache = DiskLruCache.open(cacheDir, getAppVersion(context), 1, 10 * 1024 * 1024);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
    }  
  
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {  
        final String url=getItem(position);  
        View view;  
        if(convertView==null){  
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(R.layout.grid_item, null);  
        }else{  
            view=convertView;  
        }  
        final ImageView imageView=(ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.id_photo);  
        if(imageView.getLayoutParams().height!=mItemHeight){
        	imageView.getLayoutParams().height=mItemHeight;
        }
        // 给ImageView设置一个Tag,保证异步加载图片时不会乱序  
        imageView.setTag(url);  
        imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.empty_photo);
        loadBitmaps(imageView, url);
        return view;  
    }  
    
    /**
	 * 设置item子项的高度。
	 */
	public void setItemHeight(int height) {
		if (height == mItemHeight) {
			return;
		}
		mItemHeight = height;
		notifyDataSetChanged();
	}
    
    /** 
     * 给ImageView设置图片。首先从LruCache中取出图片的缓存,设置到ImageView上。如果LruCache中没有该图片的缓存
     * 就给ImageView设置一张默认图片。 
     *  
     * @param imageUrl    图片的URL地址,用于作为LruCache的键。 
     * @param imageView   用于显示图片的控件。 
     */  
    private void setImageView(String imageUrl,ImageView imageView){  
        Bitmap bitmap=getBitmapFromMemoryCache(imageUrl);  
        if(bitmap!=null){  
            imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);  
        }else{  
            imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.empty_photo);  
        }  
    }  
      
    /** 
     * 将一张图片存储到LruCache中。 
     * @param key    LruCache的键,这里传入图片的URL地址。 
     * @param bitmap LruCache的键,这里传入从网络上下载的Bitmap对象。 
     */  
    public void addBitmapToMemoryCache(String key,Bitmap bitmap){  
        if(getBitmapFromMemoryCache(key)==null){  
            mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap);  
        }  
    }  
    
    /** 
     * 从LruCache中获取一张图片,如果不存在就返回null。 
     * @param key  LruCache的键,这里传入图片的URL地址。 
     * @return  对应传入键的Bitmap对象,或者null。 
     */  
    public Bitmap getBitmapFromMemoryCache(String key){  
        return mMemoryCache.get(key);  
    }  
    
    /**
	 * 加载Bitmap对象。此方法会在LruCache中检查所有屏幕中可见的ImageView的Bitmap对象,
	 * 如果发现任何一个ImageView的Bitmap对象不在缓存中,就会开启异步线程去下载图片。
	 */
	public void loadBitmaps(ImageView imageView,String imageUrl){
		try {
			Bitmap bitmap=getBitmapFromMemoryCache(imageUrl);
			if(bitmap==null){
				BitmapWorkerTask task = new BitmapWorkerTask();
				taskCollection.add(task);
				task.execute(imageUrl);
			}else{
				if(imageView!=null&& bitmap!=null){
					imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
      
    /** 
     * 取消所有正在下载或等待下载的任务。 
     */  
    public void cancelAllTasks(){  
        if(taskCollection!=null){  
            for (BitmapWorkerTask task : taskCollection) {  
                task.cancel(false);  
            }  
        }  
    }  
      
    /** 
     * 加载Bitmap对象。此方法会在LruCache中检查所有屏幕中可见的ImageView的Bitmap对象, 
     * 如果发现任何一个ImageView的Bitmap对象不在缓存中,就会开启异步线程去下载图片。 
     *  
     * @param firstVisibleItem   第一个可见的ImageView的下标 
     * @param visibleItemCount   屏幕中总共可见的元素数 
     */  
    private void loadBitmaps(int firstVisibleItem,int visibleItemCount){  
        try {  
            for(int i=firstVisibleItem;i<firstVisibleItem+visibleItemCount;i++){  
                String imageUrl=Images.imageUrls[i];  
                Bitmap bitmap=getBitmapFromMemoryCache(imageUrl);  
                if(bitmap==null){  
                    BitmapWorkerTask task=new BitmapWorkerTask();  
                    taskCollection.add(task);  
                    task.execute(imageUrl);  
                }else{  
                    ImageView imageView = (ImageView) mPhotoWall.findViewWithTag(imageUrl);  
                    if(imageView!=null && bitmap!=null){  
                        imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);  
                    }  
                }  
            }  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
    
    /**
	 * 根据传入的uniqueName获取硬盘缓存的路径地址。
	 */
    public File getDiskCacheDir(Context context, String uniqueName) {
		String cachePath;
		if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(Environment.getExternalStorageState())
				|| !Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable()) {
			cachePath = context.getExternalCacheDir().getPath();
		} else {
			cachePath = context.getCacheDir().getPath();
		}
		return new File(cachePath + File.separator + uniqueName);
	}
    

    /**
     * 获取当前应用程序的版本号。
     */
	public int getAppVersion(Context context) {
		try {
			PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(),0);
			return info.versionCode;
		} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return 1;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 使用MD5算法对传入的key进行加密并返回。
	 */
	public String hashKeyForDisk(String key) {
		String cacheKey;
		try {
			final MessageDigest mDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
			mDigest.update(key.getBytes());
			cacheKey = bytesToHexString(mDigest.digest());
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			cacheKey = String.valueOf(key.hashCode());
		}
		return cacheKey;
	}
	
	private String bytesToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
			String hex = Integer.toHexString(0xFF & bytes[i]);
			if (hex.length() == 1) {
				sb.append('0');
			}
			sb.append(hex);
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 将缓存记录同步到journal文件中。
	 */
	public void fluchCache() {
		if (mDiskLruCache != null) {
			try {
				mDiskLruCache.flush();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
      
    /** 
     * 异步下载图片的任务。 
     */  
    class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, Bitmap>{  
        private String imageUrl; // 图片的URL地址  
  
		protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
			imageUrl = params[0];
			FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = null;
			FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
			Snapshot snapShot = null;
			try {
				// 生成图片URL对应的key
				final String key = hashKeyForDisk(imageUrl);
				// 查找key对应的缓存
				snapShot = mDiskLruCache.get(key);
				if (snapShot == null) {
					// 如果没有找到对应的缓存,则准备从网络上请求数据,并写入缓存
					DiskLruCache.Editor editor = mDiskLruCache.edit(key);
					if (editor != null) {
						OutputStream outputStream = editor.newOutputStream(0);
						if (downloadUrlToStream(imageUrl, outputStream)) {
							editor.commit();
						} else {
							editor.abort();
						}
					}
					// 缓存被写入后,再次查找key对应的缓存
					snapShot = mDiskLruCache.get(key);
				}
				if (snapShot != null) {
					fileInputStream = (FileInputStream) snapShot
							.getInputStream(0);
					fileDescriptor = fileInputStream.getFD();
				}
				// 将缓存数据解析成Bitmap对象
				Bitmap bitmap = null;
				if (fileDescriptor != null) {
					bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor);
				}
				if (bitmap != null) {
					// 将Bitmap对象添加到内存缓存当中
					addBitmapToMemoryCache(params[0], bitmap);
				}
				return bitmap;
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally {
				if (fileDescriptor == null && fileInputStream != null) {
					try {
						fileInputStream.close();
					} catch (IOException e) {
					}
				}
			}
			return null;
		}
          
        protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap bitmap) {  
            super.onPostExecute(bitmap);  
            // 根据Tag找到相应的ImageView控件,将下载好的图片显示出来。  
            ImageView img=(ImageView) mPhotoWall.findViewWithTag(imageUrl);  
            if(img!=null && bitmap!=null){  
                img.setImageBitmap(bitmap);  
            }  
            taskCollection.remove(this);
        }  
          
        /**
		 * 建立HTTP请求,并获取Bitmap对象。
		 * 
		 * @param imageUr图片的URL地址
		 * @return 解析后的Bitmap对象
		 */
		private boolean downloadUrlToStream(String urlString, OutputStream outputStream) {
			HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
			BufferedOutputStream out = null;
			BufferedInputStream in = null;
			try {
				final URL url = new URL(urlString);
				urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
				in = new BufferedInputStream(urlConnection.getInputStream(), 8 * 1024);
				out = new BufferedOutputStream(outputStream, 8 * 1024);
				int b;
				while ((b = in.read()) != -1) {
					out.write(b);
				}
				return true;
			} catch (final IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally {
				if (urlConnection != null) {
					urlConnection.disconnect();
				}
				try {
					if (out != null) {
						out.close();
					}
					if (in != null) {
						in.close();
					}
				} catch (final IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			return false;
		}
	}
  
}  

下面是MainActivity.java主界面文件:

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	// 用于展示照片墙的GridView
	private GridView mPhotoWall;
	// GridView的适配器
	private PhotoWallAdapter mAdapter;

	private int mImageThumbSize;
	private int mImageThumbSpacing;

	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		mImageThumbSize = getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.image_thumbnail_size);
		mImageThumbSpacing = getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.image_thumbnail_spacing);
		mPhotoWall = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.id_photo_wall);
		mAdapter = new PhotoWallAdapter(this, 0, Images.imageUrls, mPhotoWall);
		mPhotoWall.setAdapter(mAdapter);
		mPhotoWall.getViewTreeObserver().addOnGlobalLayoutListener(
				new ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener() {

					public void onGlobalLayout() {
						final int numColumns = (int) Math.floor(mPhotoWall.getWidth()
								/ (mImageThumbSize + mImageThumbSpacing));
						if (numColumns > 0) {
							int columnWidth = (mPhotoWall.getWidth() / numColumns)- mImageThumbSpacing;
							mAdapter.setItemHeight(columnWidth);
							mPhotoWall.getViewTreeObserver().removeGlobalOnLayoutListener(this);
						}
					}
				});
	}

	protected void onPause() {
		super.onPause();
		mAdapter.fluchCache();
	}

	protected void onDestroy() {
		super.onDestroy();
		// 退出程序时结束所有的下载任务
		mAdapter.cancelAllTasks();
	}
}
通过getViewTreeObserver()的方式监听View的布局事件,当布局完成以后,我们重新修改一下GridView中子View的高度,以保证子View的宽度和高度可以保持一致。

配置AndroidManifest.xml文件

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />



注:本文章参考郭婶的博客做的笔记,地址:http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/28863651




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