Scala 01 基础

1 常量、变量、数据类型

常量：

val 名称:数据类型=xxx

变量：

var 名称:数据类型=xxx

数据类型可以省略：

scala> val a=1
a: Int = 1

scala> var b=2
b: Int = 2

scala> b=3
b: Int = 3

scala> a=4
<console>:12: error: reassignment to val
       a=4
        ^

2 基本数据类型

Byte/Char
Short/Int/Long/Float/Double
Boolean

// float需要在数字后面加f
scala> val e=1.1f
e: Float = 1.1

scala> val ee=1.0
ee: Double = 1.0

类型转换

scala> 10.asInstanceOf[Double]
res0: Double = 10.0

判断类型

scala> 10.isInstanceOf[Int]
res1: Boolean = true

3 lazy

使用lazy时，定义变量或常量不会立即返回结果，使用的时候才会返回结果。

scala> lazy val aa=1
aa: Int = <lazy>

scala> aa+b
res2: Int = 4

4 方法的定义与使用

def 方法名(参数名:参数类型):返回值类型={
    方法体
    // 不需要return
}

scala> def max(x:Int,y:Int): Int ={
     |     if(x>y) {
     |       x
     |     }else{
     |       y
     |     }
     |   }
max: (x: Int, y: Int)Int

scala> max(4,5)
res5: Int = 5

// 方法简写
scala> def four()=1+3
four: ()Int
// 方法调用时可以不加括号
scala> four
res6: Int = 4

1）默认参数：在函数定义时，默认函数参数的缺省值

scala> def sayHello(name:String="lihaogn"): Unit ={
     |     println("hello"+name)
     |   }
sayHello: (name: String)Unit

// 有默认参数时要加上括号，否则报错
scala> sayHello
<console>:13: error: missing argument list for method sayHello
Unapplied methods are only converted to functions when a function type is expected.
You can make this conversion explicit by writing `sayHello _` or `sayHello(_)` instead of `sayHello`.
       sayHello
       ^

scala> sayHello()
hellolihaogn

// 不使用默认参数
scala> sayHello("lisi")
hellolisi

2）命名参数

scala> def userInfo(user:String,pwd:String): Unit ={
     |     print(user+" "+pwd)
     |   }
userInfo: (user: String, pwd: String)Unit

// 调用方法时可以不按照顺序写参数，但要写参数名
scala> userInfo(pwd="12345",user="lihaogn")
lihaogn 12345

3）可变参数

scala> def sum(numbers: Int*): Int = {
     |     var result = 0
     |     for (number <- numbers) {
     |       result += number
     |     }
     |     result
     |   }
sum: (numbers: Int*)Int

scala> sum(1,2,3,4,5)
res12: Int = 15

5 条件表达式

scala> if(a>9) print("yes") else print("no")
no

6 循环表达式

scala> 1 to 10
res15: scala.collection.immutable.Range.Inclusive = Range(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

scala> 1 until 10
res16: scala.collection.immutable.Range = Range(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

scala> Range(1,10)
res17: scala.collection.immutable.Range = Range(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

scala> Range(1,10,2)
res18: scala.collection.immutable.Range = Range(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)

scala> Range(10,1,-1)
res19: scala.collection.immutable.Range = Range(10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2)

1）for循环

scala> for (i <- 1 to 10) {
     |       print(i + " ")
     |     }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

scala> for (i <- 1 to 10 if i % 2 == 0) {
     |       print(i + " ")
     |     }
2 4 6 8 10

scala> val names = Array("lisi", "zhangsan", "wanger")
names: Array[String] = Array(lisi, zhangsan, wanger)

scala> for (name <- names) {
     |       println(name)
     |     }
lisi
zhangsan
wanger

scala> names.foreach(name => println(name))
lisi
zhangsan
wanger

2）while循环

scala> var (sum,n)=(0,1)
sum: Int = 0
n: Int = 1

scala> while(n<=10){
     |       sum+=n
     |       n+=1
     |     }

scala> print(sum)
55